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FRANKFORT

ond Council of Nicaea (787), which, according to the benevolent institutions and foundations, mention may

faulty Latin translation of its Acts (see Caroune Books), seemed to decree that the same kind of worship should be paid to images as to the Blessed Trinity, though the Greek text, clearly distinguishes between XorpEla and Trpoo-itiJyeo-is. The remaining fifty-four canons dealt with metropolitan jurisdiction, monastic discipline, superstition, etc.

Hbfelb, Kirchengesch., Ill (Freiburg, 1877). 678 sqq.; Her- GENROTHER-KlRSCH, KiTchengesch. — The Libellus sacro.'iyUabus may be found in P. L., XCIX, 151 sq.. or in Mansi, Colt, conc.^ XIII, 833; and the Epislola synodica in P. L.. CI, 1331 sq.. or in Mansi., Coll. cone, XIII, 883 sq.— The canons of the council are given in P. L., XCVII.

Leo a. Kelly.

Frankfort-on-the-Main, formerly the scene of the election and corona- tion of the German emperors, is situated in the administrative district of Wiesbaden, in the Prussian prov- ince of Hesse-Nassau; it lies on both siiles of the Main, twenty-four miles above its confluence with the Rhine at Mainz. On 1 December, 1905, the citv had a population of 334,978, of whom 105,814 were Cath- olics, and 23,476 Jews.

Frankfort is partly under the ec- clesiastical jurisdiction of the Diocese of Limburg, and partly under that of Fulda. For the care of souls, the city is divided into six parishes; of these the city-parish proper is sub- divided into six independent ec- clesiastical districts, and one curacy

be made of the almshou.se (founded 1.593), the Catho- lic home for girls, the working-women's home, and the children's home; among the hospitals under Catholic direction are that of the Brothers of Mercy, the hos- jiice of the Brothers of Mercy, and the hospital of St. Klizabeth, under the Sisters of Mercy. The most im- portant of the numerous Catholic associations (about 70) are: the Boniface Association, the Catholic Char- ity Association, the Elizabeth Society, the Society of St. Vincent de Paul, the Catholic Journeymen's Union, the Merchants' Union, the Workmen's Union, the People's Union of Catholic Germany (V olksverein), the Congregation of Mary for Girls, etc. (See " Handbuch fur die Katholiken von Frankfurt a. M.", Frankfort, 1903.)

Recent excavations have confirmed the belief that the present cathedral stands on the site of a Roman fort, built during the reign of Domitian by the Fourteenth Legion, and that a Roman settlement grew up about it. During the reign of Hadrian the fortress was abandoned, l>ut the set- tlement continued to grow, and to- wards the end of the third century was seized by the Germans, first by the Alamanni, and later by the Franks. The earUest mention of this colony occurs in Einhard's annals for 793, where it is called Villa Fran- conofurt. In 794 an important im- Pfarrturm (141.5-1512) perial and ecclesiastical council was

the Catholic soldiers have a military Cathedral °/,jfj'.-jj^.^;j'g';jj';;[^<=™' ^■'^"'^- convened here in the royal palace, church of their own. Of the twenty- ' Of the German kings, Louis the Pious

five Catholic churches and chapels in Frankfort, the (814-40) and more especially Louis the German often most important is the cathedral of St. Bartholomew, in used Frankfort as the royal residence; in the year of which the elections and coronations of the German the latter's death, it is designated as 'principalis sedes

emperors were held; it stands on the site formerly occupied by the church of the Saviour {Salvator- kirche), which was built by Louis the German (850- 75), and rebuilt in 1239, in Gothic style, and the name

orientalis regni. Louis the German built the church of the Saviour, later the cathedral, and founded the chapter of St. Bartholomew, consisting of one abbot and twelve priests. During the tenth century Frank-

changed to St. Bartholomew. Between 1315 and fort declined in importance; in the year 1007 it was a

1338 the choir was re- modelled, and the tran- sept in 1346; the famous tower (Pfarrtunn) was added between 1415 and 1512. After the confla- gration of 1867, the whole church was restored by Denzinger, the architect of the Ratisbon catheilral (1869-80), and the tower completed. (See " Der Kaiserdom zu Frankfurt a. M.", Frankfort, 1907.) Noteworthy also are the church of St. Leonard, a Gothic hall church (i. e. with aisles, but without

public village of the em- pire without fortifica- tions, a villa dominica or indominicata, which, however, was inhabited by freemen, as well as by serfs. During the twelfth century it rose to the rank of a city; between 1127 and 1142 the first city wall was built; by 1150 Frankfort had a triliunal of its own; in 1172 it was made a mu- nicipality ( m un icipium ) ; and in 1219 was removed from the jurisdiction of the king. Trade and in-

clerestories), with five naves, erected between the thir- dustry received a powerful impetus; the Frankfort teenth and the sixteenth century; the church of the fair became one of the most important of Germany

Teutonic Knights {Deutschordenskirche), dedicated in 1309, rebuilt 1748-50, and restored 1883 ; and the Gothic church of Our Lady (L('("6/rauenfcirc/ie), built 132.5-1 509. The care of souls is in charge of 31 secular priests. The religious orders and congregations represented in the city are: Capuchins (5 fathers and 3 brothers). Brothers

the city gradually acquired control of the territory round about, and played an important role in the po- litical struggles, particularly as a member of the Con- federation of the Rhine. Louis the Bavarian (1314- 47), whom Frankfort supported in his conflicts with the Holy See, notwithstanding a papal interdict.

of Mercy, LTrsulines, Handmaids of Christ, and Sisters grantetl the city important prerogatives. The Golden

of the Poor of St. Francis from the mother-house at Aachen. The Catholic schools include 1 high school for boys, 2 high schools for girls, 1 institute for teach- ers, 8 elementary schools, 3 homes for children, 5 knitting- and sewing-schools. Of the 10 Catholic

Bull of Charles IV (1346-78) constituted Frankfort the legal electoral city of the German emperors; the city had already been the scene of the election of ten monarchs, between 1147 and 1300. After 1356 thirty- seven German emperors were elected at Frankfort,