Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 6.djvu/170

 FORCELLINI

134

FORER

retreats to the clergy. Louisiana was the first con- spicuous field of his zeal, and he brought its Catho- lic people to the sacraments in numbers which have hardly been equalled since. On his way thither, he contributed one-third of the money with which the Fathers of Mercy bought Spring Hill College (now a Jesuit College, near Mobile, Alabama). All the large cities of the country, from New York to Dubuque; from New Orleans to Quebec, were witnesses of his zeal. More at home in Canada where his mother- tongue was spoken, he did wonderful missionary work, and some events regarded as supernatural keep his memory alive to this day among the French-Canadian people. He attended the Fourth Provincial Council of Baltimore. His last visit in the United States was to Philadelphia, in November, 1841, when he assisted at the consecration of Dr. Kenrick as coadjutor Bishop of St. Ix)uis. He left New York for France in December, 1841, and the next year visited Rome to give an account of his mission in America. Gregory XVI named him a Roman Count and Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, "because of his wonderful zeal for the propagation and defence of the Catholic Faith in the United States of America". On his return to France he founded (1843) the Society of the Holy Childhood, and spent that, and a part of the following year in spreading this good work through France, Belgium, and England. Death came to him unex- pectedly at his family castle of Aygalades near Mar- seilles.

De Riviere, Vie de Mgrde Forbin-Janson, Missionnaire, eve- que de Nancy el de Toul, primal de Lorraine, fondaleur de la Sle Enfance (Paris, 1892); Maes, Life of Bishop de Forbin-Janson in America, Mss.; Shea, HisL of Calh. Ch. in U, S. (New York, 1904).

Camillas P. Maes.

Forcellini, Egidio, Latin lexicographer, b. at Fe- ner, near Treviso, Italy, 26 Aug., 1G88; d. at Padua, 4 April, 1768. His parents were poor, so that he was deprived of the opportimities of an early education, and he was of mature age when in 1704 he entered the seminary at Padua. There his ability and industry soon attracted the attention of his teacher, Facciolati, who secured his assistance in his lexicographical work. Forcellini collaborated with his master in revising the so-called "Calepinus", the Latin dictionary, in seven languages, of the monk Ambrosius Calepinus. While engaged in this work, Forcellini is said to have con- ceived the idea of an entirely new Latin lexicon, the most comprehensive ever compiled. Towards the end of 1718, under the direction of Facciolati, he began the laborious task of reading through the entire body of Latin literature as well as the whole collection of in- scriptions. His labours were interrupted in 1724, when he was called to Ceneda, where he became pro- fessor of rhetoric and director of the seminary. He resumed his work on the lexicon on his recall to Padua in 17.31. It was not until three years after Forcelhni's death that this great lexicon, on which he had spent nearly forty years of untiring industry, and which is the basis of all the Latin lexicons now in use, was pub- lished at Padua in four folio volumes under the title, " Totius Latinitatis Lexicon ". In it are given both the Italian and the Greek equivalents of every word, to- gether with copious citations from the literature. There is an English edition by Bailey in two volumes (London, 1828). The latest complete edition is that of De Vit (Prato, 1858-87). (See Latin Literature.)

Ferrari, Vila di Forcellini (Padua, 1792).

Edmund Burke.

Forconium, Dioce.se op See Aquila.

Foreman, Andrew, a Scottish prelate, of good border family; b. at Hatton, near Berwiek-on-Tweod; d. 1 .'522. His talents marked him out for early promo- tion in his ecclesiastical career; through the influence Qf King James IV, he soon became a prothonotary

Apostolic and was employed on various important mi-ssions. The king sent him in 1497 with two other envoys to conclude the truce of Aytoun with Henry VII of England, and four years later he was era- powered to negotiate for the marriage of King James with King Henry's daughter Margaret. By 1502 Fore- man was Bishop of Moray (for which see. notwithstand- ing the protest of the primate, he procured exemption from the metropolitan jurisdiction of St. Andrews); he was also "commendatory" abbot of important monasteries both in Scotland and England. Appointed ambassador to Henry VIII in 1509, he was com- missioned by his sovereign to try to bring about uni- versal peace with a view to a new crusade. King Louis of France, after concluding an alliance with the King of Scots against England, made Foreman Archbishop of Bourges, and it was Pope Julius II's in- tention to raise him to the cardinalate. The successor of Julius, Leo X, did not carry out this intention, but nominated Foreman in 1514 Archbishop of St. Andrews and legate a latere. He received at the same time the Abbey of Dunfermline in eommendam, and seems to have held also at one time or another the rich Abbeys of Kilwinning, Dryburgh, and Arbroath. The new primate's eight years' tenure of his see was marked by vigorous administration ; and he did much to consoli- date the episcopal authority, procuring the restoration to his province of the Dioceses of Dunkeld and Dun- blane, and holding an important synod, the enactments of which, still extant, throw an important light on the condition of the Scottish Church immediately before the Reformation. These statutes testify to the pri- mate's zeal for the amelioration of the state of the clergy, for the reform of abuses, the advancement of learning, and the augmentation of the solemnity of the services of the Church. Archbishop Foreman was buried in Dunfermline Abbey.

Robertson, Concilia Scolice, 1225-1559; Gordon, Scoti- chronicon (Glasgow. 1S67); Accounts of Ihe Lord High Treasurer of Scolland, ed. Dickson; Calendar of Doc. Henry VIII, ed. Brewer, I, II; Bellesheim, Hisl. of Calh. Church of Scotland, II, 116-125; Michel, Les Ecossais en France (Paris, 1862), I; Keith, ed. Russel, Historical Catalogue of the Scottish Bishops (Edinburgh. 1824); Herkless and Kerr Hannat, The Arch' bishops of St. Andrews (Edinburgh, 1907-09).

D. O. Hunter-Blaie.

Forer, Laurenz, controversialist, b. at Lucerne, 1580; d. at Ratisbon, 7 January, 1659. He entered the Society of Jesus at the age of twenty, in Landshut, and made part of his studies under Fathers Laymann and Tanner. He taught philosophy at Ingolstadt (1615-1619), and theology, moral and controversial, for six years at Dillingen. In the latter institution he held also the office of chancellor for several years. He spent the years 16.32-1643 in the Tyrol, whither he had withdrawn with his illustrious penitent Heinrich von Knoringen, Bishop of Augsburg, on account of the inroads of the Swedes. Forer visited Rome (1645- 1646) as the representative of the province of Upper Germany in the eighth congregation. He became rector of the college of Lucerne in 1650. Father Som- mervogel enumerates sixty-two titles of publications from the pen of Forer; though not all of them are very voluminous, they show at least the writer's versatility and erudition, as well as his zeal for the integrity and the honour of the Catholic Faith. He wrote one or more treatises each against the apostates Reihing and de Dominis, against Melchior Nicolai, Hottinger, Kallisen, Schopp, Molinos, Haberkorn, Voet, Hoe, the Ubiquists, and others. Such works as "Lutherus thaumaturgus " (Dillingen, 1624), "Septem charao- teres Lutheri" (Dillingen, 1626), "Qu.Tstio ubinam ante Luthenun protcstaiitiuni ccclesia fuerit" (Pt. I, Amberg, 1653; Pt. II, liigolst:iclt, 16.54), "Bellumubi- quisticuni vetus ct novum inter ipsos Lutheranos bellatum et necdum debellatum" (Dillingen, 1627) are directed against all Protestants. Others, as " Ana- tomia anatomia; Societatis Jesu" (Innsbruck, 1634),