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 FOPPA

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FORBIN-JANSON

tray a complete ignorance of the facts. An article entitled Festum StuUorum m the Nineteenth Century Uune, 1905) is a typical specimen.

Herbert Thurston.

Foppa, Ambrogio, generally known as Caradosso, Italian goldsmith, sculptor, and die sinker, b. at Mon- donico in the province of Como, 1445, according to some authorities, and according to others in Pavia, the same year; d. about 1.527. It is possible that this art- ist is not correctly known as Ambrogio, but that his Christian name was Cristoforo. He was in the service of Lodovico il Moro, Duke of Milan, for some years, and executed for him an exceedingly fine medal and sev- eral pieces of goldsmith's work. Later on he is heard of in Rome, working for Popes Julius II and Leo X. His will was executed in 1526 and he is believed to have died in the following year. Cellini refers at some length to a medal struck by him in Rome, having upon it a representation of Bramante and his design for St. Peter's, and he speaks of him as "the most excel- lent goldsmith of that time, who has no equal in the execution of dies". He is believed to have been responsible for the terra-cotta reliefs in the sacristy of San Satiro, works which in their remarkable beauty are almost equal to the productions of Donatello. In addition to the Bramante and Moro medals three others are attributed to him, one representing Julius II, an- other the fourth Duke of Milan, Francesco Sforza, and the third Gian Giacomo Trivulzio (1448-1518).

A large mmiber of examples of fine goldsmith's work in the sacristies of the various churches of Italy are attributed to Foppa with more or less uncertainty. They especially include reliquaries, morses, and cro- siers. He was responsible for a papal mitre. A drawing of this tiara, made for Julius II, is in the print room at the British Museum, and was executed at the instance of an English collector named John Talman. An inaccurate engraving of it by George Vertue is also in existence, and this was reproduced by Milntz in his article on the papal tiara. He declares that the pope told his master of ceremonies that it cost two hundred thousand ducats. This wonderful work of art survived the sack of Rome through the accident of its being in pawn at the time, but was deliberately broken up and refashioned by Pope Pius VI. (See Thurston in the "Burlington Magazine" for October, 1895.) Foppa is believed to have designed several pendent jewels, but there is a good deal of uncertainty at present respecting his goldsmith's work, and but little can be attributed to him with anything like authority.

ClcoGNAR\, Sloria Mia Scultura (Prato, 1823); Cellini, Vila del Benvenufo Cellini (Florence, 1.S57); Vasari, Vili dei Pil- tori (Florence, 1878); SupiNo, II Medagliere Mediceo (Florence, 1899.)

George Charles Williamson.

Forbes, John, Capuchin; b. 1570; d. 1606. His father, John, eighth Lord Forbes, being a Protestant, and his mother. Lady Margaret Gordon, daughter of the fourth Earl of Huntly, a Catholic, John followed the religion of his father, while his elder brother was educated a Catholic. To preserve his Faith the latter went to Brussels and there entered the Capuchin order. His letters and the influence of a maternal uncle, James Gordon, S.J., led John into the Catholic Church, 1.587. To recover his son to Protestantism Lord Forbes affi- anced him to a noble Protestant lady. On the eve of the marriage John, disguised as a shepherd, fled and, having eluded his father's spies, landed in Lille. Pressed into the English army, he escaped, was ar- rested by Spanish militia, imprisoned at Antwerp, but finally relea.sed. After some delay he was admitted to the Capuchin Order, August, 1593, atTournai, and took the name of his deceased brother, Archangel. Perse- vering in spite of persuasion, force, and the stratagems of friends to the contrary, he completed his studies, was ordained a priest and after refusing an appointment as

guardian, was sent as chaplain to the Spanish garrison at Dendermond. Mindful of his own countrymen he wrote to his kinsman and companion in youth, James VI of Scotland, setting forth the claims of the Catholic religion. Learning of his whereabouts, many coun- trymen visited him, eighteen of whom he converted to Catholicity, also three hundred soldiers. To his great delight he was appointed missionary Apostolic to Scot- land, but succumbed to an epidemic at Dendermond. He is said to have written an account of his conver- sion, though it was never published. His mother spent her declining years near her son; his betrothed be- came a nun m Rome.

Bernard Bonon., Scriptores Ord. Cap. (Venice, 1747), 31; Ilq, Geist des hi. Framiskits II (AugsburK, 1879), 44-61; Rass, Convertilenbilder XI (Freiburg, 1873). 37-61; Fadstinos or DiEST, Alter Alexius natione ScotuSj P. Archangelus (Cologne, 1620, 2nd ed., LiiJge. 1632; Italian tr., Modena, 1634; Flemish tr., Bruges, 1704); Caputo, Vila del P. Archangelo (Naples, 1650; Bologna, 1656); Lucian Montifontanus, Ertz-Englische Lchensgcschichte (0)nstance, 1677, 2nd ed., Bregenz, 1711).

John M. Lenhart.

Forbin-Janson, Charles - Augusts - Marie - Jo- seph, CoMTR DE, Bishop of Nancy and Toul, founder of the Association of the Holy Childhood, b. in Paris, France, 3 Nov., 1785; d. near Marseilles, 12 July, 1844. He was the sec- ond son of Count Michel Palamede de Forbin-Janson and of his wife Compile Henri- ette, princess of Galean. He was a Knight of Malta from childhood, and a soldier at sixteen. Napo- leon I made him Auditor of the Council of State in 1805. His family and the aristoc- racy looked for- ward to a most brilliant career as a statesman for him, but he sur- prised all by en- tering the semi- nary of St-Sulpice in the spring of 1808. He was ordained priest in Savoy in 1811, and was made Vicar-General of the Diocese of Chambery, but eventually determined to become a missionary. Pius VII advised him to remain in France where missionary work was needed. He heeded the advice, and with his friend the Abb(5 de Rau- zan, founded the M issionaires de France and preached with great success in all parts of his native land. In 1817 he was sent to Syria on a mission, returned to France in 1819, and again took up the work of a mis- sionary until 1823 when he was appointed Bishop of Nancy and Toul, and was consecrated in Paris, 6 June, 1824, by the Archbishop of Rouen; Bishop Cheverus of Boston, U. S. A., was a consecrator and Bishop Fen- wick of Cincinnati a witness. The French Govern- ment did not cease persecuting him for his refusal to sign the Galilean Declaration of 1682; finally, he was obliged to leave France in 1830, but succeeded in get- ting his own choice of a coadjutor bishop by threaten- ing to return to Nancy. Every good cause appealed to his priestly heart, every good work to his purse. He aided Pauline Jaricot in the establishment of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith. At the request of Bishop Flaget and Bishop Purcell, Gregory XVI sent him on a missionary tour through the LTnited States of America in 1839.

During his two years stay in that country, he trav- elled far and wide giving missions to the people and