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 FOLIOT

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FONSEOA

Cera, Candido Bontcmpi, and others; the most illus- trious was the Dominican Federigo Krezzi, Bishop of Fohgno (1403), whose " Quadriregio" is a kind of com- mentary on the "Hall of the Giants". After the murder of Nicolo Trinci in 1437, his brother Corrado began to rule in a tyrannical way; Eugene IV, there- fore, in 1439 sent Cardinal Vitelleschi to demand his submission. Henceforth Foligno enjoyed a large com- munal liberty under a papal governor.

There is reason to believe that Christianity was in- troduced at Fohgno in the first half of the second cen- tury. St. Felicianus, the patron of the city, though certainly not the first bishop, was consecrated by Pope Victor and martyred under Decius (24 Janu- ary) ; the exact dates of his history are uncertain (.\cta SS., Jan., II, 582-88; Analecta Boll., 1890, 381).

Lateral FAiTADE, Cathedral of Folig.no, XIII Ce

Until 471 no other bishop is known. St. Vincentius of Laodicea in Syria was made bishop by Pope Hormis- das in 523. Of subsequent bishops the following may be mentioned: Eusebius, who persuaded King Luit- prand to spare the city (740) ; Azzo degli Azzi, who distinguished himself at the Council of Rome in 1059 against Berengarius; Bonfiglio de' Bonfigli, who took part in the First Crusade; Blessed Antonio Bettini (1461), a Jesuit; Isidore Clario (1547), a theologian at the Council of Trent. In 1146 a council was held at Foligno. The cathedral, of very early date, and pos- sessing a beautiful crypt, was rebuilt in 1133; in 1201 a wing, with a fagade, was added, famous for its sculp- tures by Binello and Rodolfo (statues of Frederick Barbarossa and of Bishop Anselm), restored in 1903. Other churches are: Santa Maria infra Portas, of the Lombard period, with Byzantine frescoes; San Claudio (1232); San Domenico (1251); San Giovanni Profi- amma (1231), whose name recalls the ancient city of Forum Flaminii. The monastery of Sassovio (1229), with a remarkable cloister of 120 columns, and the Palazzo Communale are also noteworthy.

The diocese has 55 parishes, 31,000 inhabitants, 3 male and 3 female educational institutions, 4 religious houses of men, and 12 of women; it has also a weekly Catholic paper,

Cappelletti, Le Chicsr d'llaliti (Venice. 1844), IV; Faloci- PuLiGNANl, Foligno in L' Italia arlislica (Bergamo. 1907).

U. Benigni. Foliot, Gilbert, Bishop of London. See Gilbert

FOLIOT.

Folkestone Abbey, or more correctly Folkestone Priory, is situated in the east division of Kent about thirty-seven miles from Maidstone. It was originally a monastery of Benedictine nuns founded in 630 by St. Eanswith or Eanswide, daughter of Eadbald, King of Kent, who was the son of St. Ethelbert, the first Chris- tian king among the English. It was dedicated to St. Peter. Like many other similar foundations it was destroyed by the Danes. In 1095 another monastery for Benedictine monks was erected on the same site by Nigel de Mundeville, Lord of Folkestone. This was an alien priory, a cell belonging to the Abbey of Lonley or LoUey in Normandy, dedicated to St. Mary and St. Eanswith, whose relics were deposited in the church. The cliff on which the monastery was built was grad- ually undermined by the sea, and William de Abrincis in 1137 gave the monks a new site, that of the present church of Folkestone. The conventual buildings were erected between the church and the sea coast. Being an alien priory it was occasionally seized by the king, when England was at war with France, but after a time it was made denizen and independent of the mother-house in Normandy and thus escaped the fate which befell most of the alien priories in the reign of Henry V. It continued to the time of the dissolution and was surrendered to the king on 15 Nov., 1535. The names of twelve priors are known, the last being Thomas Barrett or Bassett. The net income at the dissolution was about £50. It was bestowed by Henry VIII on Edmund, Lord Clinton and Saye; the present owner is Lord Radnor. The only part of the monastic buildings remaining is a Norman doorway, but the foundations may be traced for a considerable distance.

DuGDALE, Monasticon, Stevena' Supplement (London, 1722). I, 399; Tanner, Notitia Monasliai (London, 1787), s. v. Kent; DuGDALE, Monasl. Anglic. (London, 1846), IV, 672.

G. E Hind.

Fonseca, Jose Ribeiro d.\, Friar Minor; b. at Evora, 3 Dec, 1690; d. at Porto, 16 June, 1752. He was received into the Franciscan Order in the convent of .Ara Cceli at Rome, 8 Dec, 1712. As minister gen- eral of the order, he was untiring in his efforts to re- store discipline in places where it had become lax; and displayed in this regard singular prudence, tact, and executive ability. In 1740 he founded the large li- brary in the old convent of Ara Cceli, and under his direction and patronage, the "Annales Minorum" of Wadding were published at Rome in seventeen vol- umes, between the years 1731 and 1741. Fonseca several times declined the episcopal dignity, but fi- nally accepted (1741) the See of Oporto, to which he was nominated by John V of Portugal. _

Florez, Espana Sagrada (Madrid, 1743), XXT. 233 sqq.

Stephen M. Donovan.

Fonseca, Pedro d.\. philosopher and theologian, b. at Cortizada, Portugal, 1528; d. at Lisbon, 4 Nov., 1599. He entered the Society of Jesus in Coimbra in 1548, and in 1551 passed to the University of Evora, where, after completing his studies, he lectured upon philosophy with such subtlety and brilliancy as to win for himself the title of the "Portuguese Aristotle". His works, which for over a century after his death were widely used in philosophical schools throughout Europe, are: "Institutionum Dialecticarum Libri Octo" (Lisbon, 1564); "Commentariorum in Libros Metaphysicorum Aristotelis Stagirits" (Rome, 1577); "Is.agoge Philosophica" (Lisbon, 1591). These works appeared in an immense number of editions from the Catholic press all over Europe. Fonseca also shares the fame of the " Conimbricenses " (q. v.), as it was