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 FILLIUCCI

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FINAN

mote the cause of Church unity. In recognition of his successful efforts in tliis capacity, he was made Arch- priest of the Lateran Basilica. In 1421 he resigned the See of Aix, and in 1422 was assigned to the See of Saint-Pons-de-Thomieres. He died at Rome in his eightieth year, as Canlinal-Priest of San Marco.

During the Council of Constance Fillastre kept a diary discovered by Jleinrich Finke, first reviewed by him in the " Knmischo Quartalschrift" (1SS7), and there partly edited by him. It is the most important historical source for the Council of Constance, and was edited by Finke in its entirety in 1889 (in his " Forschungen und Quellen", see below, 163-242). Fillastre's notes throw new light on the principal par- ticipants in the council, as well as on the two popes who were deposed and their trial, on the college of cardinals as a body, and in particular on Cardinals d'Ailly, Fillastre, Zabarella, etc. Fillastre is our only authority concerning the preliminary motions on the method of voting anti the extremely difficult position of the college of Cardinals; he gives us our first clear conception of the quarrels that arose among the " na- tions" over tlie matter of precedence, and the place which the Spanish "nation" held at the council; he also furnishes the long-sought explanation of the con- firmation of Sigismund as Holy Roman Emperor by Martin V. Fillastre's diary derives its highest value, however, from the exposition of the relations between the king and the council and the description of the conclave.

While Fillastre was in Constance (where, it may be remarked, he translated several of Plato's works into Latin), he rendered important services to the history of geography and cartography, as well as to the history of the council. Thus he had copied the Latin transla- tion of Ptolemy's geography (without maps), which had been completed by Jacobus Angelus in 1409, a manuscript he had great difficulty in securing from Florence. Together with this precious Ptolemy co- dex, he sent in 1418 to the chapter-library of Reims, which he had founded and already endowed with many valuable manuscripts, a large map of the world traced on walrus skin, and a codex of Pomponius Mela. The two geographical codices are still pre- served as precious "cimelia" in the municipal library of Reims, but the map of the world unfortunately disappeared during the eighteenth century.

About 1425 Fillastre wrote one of his most impor- tant canonical works on interest and usury; it has been handed down in numerous manuscripts. In 1427, though now an old man, he was as indefatigable as ever, and had the maps of Ptolemy drawn from a Greek original, but on a diminished scale, and ar- ranged with Latin terminology, to go with his Latin Ptolemy. Since Ptolemy had no knowledge of the Scandinavian Peninsula, much less of Greenland, Fillastre completed his codex by adding to Ptolemy's ten maps of Europe an eleventh. This "eleventh map of Europe", with the subjoined detailed descrip- tion of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Greenland, is the only existing copy of the "first map" of Claudius Clavus, "the first cartographer of America". This precious cartographic treasure is still preserved in the municipal library of Nancy.

Marlot, Metropolis remensis historia (Reims, 1679), II, 693 sqq.; Albanes, Gallia Christ, (novissima) (1899), I, 96 sqq.; Finke, Forschungen und Quellen zur Geschichte des Konstanzer Konzila (Paderbom, 18S9), 73 sqq.; Storm, Z>e7i danske geogr. Claudius Clavus (Stockholm, 1891), 129 sqq.; Fischer, IHs- coveries of the Norsemen (London, 1903), 58 sqq., 83 .sqq.; Bjornbo and Petersen, Claudius Clavus (Innsbruok, 190S). Joseph Fischer.

Filliucci, ViNCENZo, Jesuit moralist ; b. at Sienna, Italy, 1566; d. at Rome, 5 April, 1622. Having entered the Society of Jesus at the age of eigh- teen and made the usual course in classics, science, philosophy, and theology, he professed philosophy and mathematics for some years, and later became rector of

the Jesuit college in his native city. Being summoned to Rome to fill the chair of moral theology in the Roman College, he taught there for ten years with great distinction. Paul V appointed him penitentiary of St. Peter's, a post he filled until his deatli in the fol- lowing pontificate. Filliucci's greatest work, "Mora- lium Quaestionum de Christianis Oflficiis et Casibus Conscienti^ Tomi Duo", appeared in 1622, and to- gether with a posthumous " Appendix, de Statu Cleri- corum ", forming a third volume, has frequently been reprinted in several countries of Europe. A " Synopsis Theologize Moralis", which likewise appeared posthu- mously in 1626, went through numerous editions. FiUiucci is also known for his excellent "Brevis In- structio pro Confessionibus Excipiendis " (Ravens- burg, 1626); this work is generally published as an appendix in all subsequent editions of his "Synopsis". Besides these published works, there is a manuscript, "Tractatus de Censuris", preserved in the archives of the Roman College. As an authority in moral theol- ogy. Father Filliucci has ever been accorded high rank, though this did not save him from the attacks of the Jansenists. The "Provincial Letters" of Pascal and " Les Extraits des Assertions" make much capital out of their garbled quotations from his writings; while, in the anti-Jesuit tumult of 1762, the "parlement" of Bordeaux forbade his works and the "parlement" of Rouen burnt them, together with twenty-eight other works by Jesuit authors.

So.MMERvoGEL, Bibl. de la C. de J., Ill, 735; IX, 340; db Backer, Bibl. des Ecrirains de la Camp, de Jesus, I, 308; HuRTER, Xomenclator Literarius, I, 364.

John F. X. Murpht.

Filliucius, Felix (or, as his name is more often found, in its Italian form, Figliucci), an Italian hu- manist, a philosopher, and theologian of note, was b. at Siena about the year 1525; supposed to have d. at Florence c. 1590. He completed his studies in philos- ophy at Padua and was for a time in the service of Cardinal Del Monte, afterwards Julius III. In spite of the fact that he gained a great reputation as an ora- tor and poet, and had a wide knowledge of Greek, no mention of his name is found in such standard works on the Renaissance as Burchardt, Voigt (Die Wieder- belebung des class. Alterthums), and Belloni (II Sei- cento). After having enjoyed the pleasures of the worldly life at the court in 1551 he entered the Domin- ican convent at Florence, where he assumed the name Alexus. His works are both original in Italian and translations into that language from the Greek. Worthy of mention are: "II Fedro, ovvero del bello" (Rome, 1544); " Delle divine lettere del gran Marsilio Ficino" (Venice, 1548); "Le undici Filippiche di Demostene dichiarate" (Rome, 1550); "Delia Filo- sofia morale d'Aristotile" (Rome, 1551); "Delia Politica, ovvero Scienza civile secondo la dottrina d'Aristotile, libri VIII scritti in modo di dialogo" (Venice, 1583). Filliucius attended the Council of Trent, where he delivered a remarkable Latin oration and, at the order of St. Pius V, translated into Italian, under his cloister name of Alexus, the Latin Catechism of the Council of Trent (Catechismo, cioe istruzione secondo il decreto del concilio di Trento, Rome, 1567), often reprinted.

QuETir AND EcHARD, Scriptores Ord. Pred.^ II, 263 sqq., on which all the other biographies are based.

Joseph Dunn.

Finality. See C.^use; Teleology.

Final Perseverance. See Perseverance.

Finan, S.-^int, second Bishop of Lindisfarne; d. 9 February, 661. He was an Irish monk who had been trained in lona, and who was specially chosen by the Columban Monks to succeed the great St. Aidan (635- 51). St. Bede describes him as an able ruler, and tells of his labours in the conversion of Northumbria. He built a cathedral "in the Irish fashion", employing