Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 5.djvu/751

 EXALTATION

673

EXAMINATION

the envoys and the averting of hostilities. Conserva- tive in his opinions, Ewing opposed the radical meas- ures of Reconstruction at the close of the war and sup- ported tlie administration of President Johnson. In February, ISOS, after the removal of Stanton, the President sent to the Senate the nomination of Ewing as Secretary of War, but it was not confirmed.

Descended of Scottish Presbj^erian stock, Ewing, after a lifelong attraction to the Catholic Churcli, en- tered it in his latter years. Reared outside the fold of any religious body, he married, 7 January, 1820, JIaria Wills Boyle, daughter of Hugh Boyle, an Irish Catholic. He was deeply influenced by the living faith and pious example of his wife during their long married life, and all his children were reared in the Faith. In October, 1S69, Ewing was stricken while arguing a cause before the Supreme Court of the United States and he was baptized in the court room. In September, 1871, his lifelong friend, Archbishop Purcell of Cincinnati, received him into the Church.

Philemon Beecher, eldest son of Thomas, b. at Lancaster, 3 November, 1820; d. there 15 .\pril, 1896. He graduated in 1838 from Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, and then entered upon the study of the law. Admitted to the Bar in 1841, he formed with his father the firm of T. Ewing & Son. In both State and Federal courts, through his grasp of the philosophy of the law and his judicial temperament, he won a place beside his illustrious father. He was also the main support of his father Ln his political life and labours, and was an active figure first in the Whig and then in the Repubhcan party. In 1862 he was appointed Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. Being opposed to the Reconstruction measures of his party he took part in the Liberal Republican movement. He was nominated to the supreme bench of Ohio in 1873. During the sixties and seventies he engaged in the banking business, and was pro'junent in the dev-elop- ment of the Hocking Valley coal-fields. The later years of his life were spent in retirement.

He married at Lancaster 31 August, 1848, Marj' Rebecca Gillespie, a sister of Eliza Maria Gillespie (Mother Marj' of St. Angela of the Sisters of the Holy Cross of Notre Dame, Indiana). He was a man of wide culture and a writer of vigorous and limpid Eng- lish. He was ever foremost where the interests of the Church were concerned, and was a delegate from the Diocese of Columbus to the Catholic Congresses of 1889 and 1893.

Hugh Boyle, third son of Thomas, b. at Lancaster, 31 October, 1826; d. there 30 June, 1905. He was educated at the United States Militarj' .\cademy at West Point, and in 1849 went to California, returning to Lancaster, in 1852, to enter on the study of the law. On his admission to the Bar, he practised in St. Louis, Missouri, from 1854 to 1856, and then, in partnership with his brother Thomas, at Leavenworth, Kansas, from 1856 to 18.58. In .\pril, 1861, he was appointed brigade-inspector of Ohio Volunteers with the rank of major, and in .August, 1861, was commissioned colonel, commanding the Thirtieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and rendered conspicuous service. In November, 1862, he was commissioned brigadier-general. He took part in the operations against Vicksburg, and his command led in the assault of 22 May, 1863. In July following he was appointed to the command of the Fourth Division, Fifteenth Army Corps. In the op- erations about Chattanooga he led his division in the assault upon Missionary Ridge and its capture. In the latter part of the war he was placed in command of the district of Kentucky, and at its close was bre- vetted major-general. In 1866 President Jolmson ap- pointed him Minister to The Hague, which post he filled until 1870. On his return to the United States, he Vjought a small estate near Lancaster, in 1876, on which he lived until his death. He was married at Washington, D. C, 3 August, 1858, to Henrietta Eliza- V.— 43

beth Young. He was a man of wide culture, and an interesting writer. He published several stories, among them " The Grand Ladron, a tale of Early California ", " Koche, a King of Pit ", " .V Castle in the Air", and "The Black List".

Ch-VRLes, fifth cliild of Thomas, b. at Lancaster, 6 March, 1S35; d. at Washington, 20 June, 1SS3. Com- mencing his studies at the college of the Dominican Fathers in Perry County, Ohio, he later attended Gon- zaga College, \\'ashington, and the University of Vir- ginia. In 1860 he began the practice of law in St. Louis, Missouri. The Civil War breaking out soon afterwards, he was commissioned a captain in the Thirteenth Infantry of the United States Regulars in May, 1861, and in the Spring of 1862, joined his brother-in-law, General William T. Sherman, in the Arkansas and Mississippi campaigns. In the siege of Vicksburg he was thrice wounded. On the 22nd of June, 1862, he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel and assistant inspector-general of volunteers, and on the 15th of June, 1863, inspector-general of the Fif- teenth Army Corps. He served with much distinc- tion in the Atlanta campaign and the famous march through Georgia. On the Sth of March, 1865, he was commissioned brigadier-general, and on the mustering out of the volunteers was transferred to the regular force, from which he resigned as brevet-colonel on the 31st of July, 1867. He was brevetted three times in the regular service for gallant and meritorious services at the Vicksburg and .Atlanta campaigns. After his retirement from tlie Arm}', he took up his residence in Washington and began the practice of law, in which profession he obtained considerable prominence. In 1873 he accepted the appointment of Indian Commis- sioner, and laboured energetically to restore to the Catholic Indian Missions the schools among the In- dians which they had maintained for tw'enty years. Pope Pius IX, 3 May, 1877, created him a Knight of the Order of St. Gregory the Great. General Ewing married ^'irginia, daughter of John K. Miller of Mt. Vernon, Ohio.

Ele.\nor Boyle (Mrs. Willlvji Tectjmseh Shek- sl^n), daughter of Thomas, b. at Lancaster, 4 October, 1824; d. in New York City, 28 November, 1888. She was educated at the Visitation Convent at George- town, D. C. In 1829, just after his father's death, William Tecumseh Sherman, the subsequent famous General of the United States army, then a boy of nine years, was adopted by Mr. Ewing, reared in his house- hold, and appointed by him to the U. S. Militarj' .\cademy. Sherman married the daughter of his bene- factor, 1 May, 1850. She was devoted throughout her life, a^trr the duties of her household, to the relief of suffering and of want, and to the advancement of the Church. Mentally, she inherited the brilliant intel- lectual powers of her father and was a true helpmate of her husband in his distinguished career. She was the author of "Thomas Ewing, a Jlemorial", pub- lished in 1872. Father P. J. De Smet, S.J., the mis- sionary among the Indians, was an old and intimate friend of the Shermans, and through this intimacy Mrs. Sherman was led to take a special interest in the cause of the Catholic Indians. Her influence and great personal exertions were of much assistance at Washington, to her brother. General Charles Ewing, in the work of saving and promoting the missions for the Catholic Indians.

The Catholic Telegraph (Cincinnati), files; Alfrding, The Diocese of Fort Wayne (Fort Wayne. 1907); A Story of Fifty Years (Notre Dame, 1905); Encyclopedia of Am. Biofj., s. v. John G. Ewing.

Exaltation of the Holy Cross. See Cross.

Examination, a process jirescribed or assigned for testing nualification; an investigation, inquiry. Ex- aminations are in u.se in parochial schools. Catholic academies, seminaries, and universities as tests of pro- ficiency. Examinations or something equivalent