Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 5.djvu/749

 EVREUX

671

EVREUX

bishop, Quintianus, was present at the Council of Elvira early in the fourth century. There exists no complete list of his successors for the next two cen- turies, though some are known from ancient diptychs. In 584 the Visigothic king, Leovirgild, incorporated with his state the Kingdom of the iSuevi, to whicji Evora had hitherto belonged. From the sixth and seventh centuries there remain a few Christian in- scriptions pertaining to Evora. In one of them has been interpolated the name of a Bishop Julian (1 Dec, 566) ; he is, however, inadmissible. Thenceforth the episcopal list is known from the reign of Reccared (586) to the .\rab invasion (714), after which the suc- cession is quite unknown for four centuries and a half, with the exception of the epitaph of a Bishop Daniel (Januarj', 1100). Until the reconquest (1166) by Al- fonso I of Portugal, Evora was suffragan to Merida. Under this king it became suffragan to Braga, despite the protests of the Archbishops of Compostella, ad- ministrators of Merida. In 1274, however, the latter succeeded in bringing Evora within their jurisdiction. Finally, it became suffragan to Lisbon from 1394 to 1544, when it was made an archbishopric. Its large and splendid cathedral has undergone many architec- tural changes. Among its illustrious prelates may be mentioned Enrique (1540-64, 1578-80), the founder of its university and King of Portugal (1578-80); Teu- tonio de Braganza (1570-1602); and the scholarly writers Alfonso de Portugal (1486-1522) and Father Manuel de Cenaculo Villasboas (1802-14). Portu- guese writers have maintained that the first bishop of Evora was St. Mantius, a Roman, and a disciple of Jesus Christ, sent by the Apostles into Spain as a mis- sionary of the Gospel ; from his genuine acts it appears that he was a devout Christian, put to death by the Jews after the fourth century. Spanish Jews, it is known, are mentioned in the fourth-century Council of Elvira (can. 49).

FoNSECA, Evora gloriosa (Rome, 1728), 261-315; Espafm Sagrada (Madrid. 1786). XIV, 102-141; Gams, Series episcopo- rum (1873), 98-100; Supplem. (1879), 91; HObneb, Inscrip- tionen Hvspania Christiana: (Berlin, 1871), n. 1, 9, 10, 11, 213, 324; EOBEL, Hierarchia calholica vwdii wvi (Munich, 1901), 1, 165, II, 245.

F. FiTA.

Evreux, Diocese op (Ebroicensis), in the Depart- ment of Eure, France; suffragan of the Archbishopric of Rouen. A legend purporting to date from a cer- tain Deodatus, who is said to have been converted and then later ordained by St. Taurinus, makes the latter first Bishop of Evreux. According to this legend St. Taurinus was baptized at Rome by St. Clement and sent into Gaul as a companion to St. Denis. According to Mgr. Duchesne this legend arose about the ninth century, when Abbot Hilduin of Saints Denis was intent on proving the identity of Dionysius the Areopagite with Dionysius (Denis), first Bishop of Paris. It is certain that in the time of Charles the Bald (ninth century) St. Taurinus was held in high esteem at Evreux; still earlier. Bishop Landulphus, who seems to have occupied the See of Evreux at the beginning of the seventh century, had built the basil- ica in his honour.

It is also impossible to fix the date of the reign of St. Gaud, who died a hermit at St. Pair, in the Cotentin. The first historically known Bishop of E\Teux is Maurusio, who was present at the Council of Orleans in 511. Other bishops of E\Teux are: St. Landul- phus, St. Eternus, and St. Aquilinus (seventh century) ; Gilbert ( 1071-1 112), sent by William the Conqueror to Alexander II, who preached the funeral oration over the Conqueror; Gilles de Perche (1170-79), sent by Henry II of England as ambassador to Rome; Jean (1181-92), a friend of Henry II, who in Cyprus (1190) crowned Berengaria Queen of England ; Guillaume de Contiers (1400-18), an active member of the Council of Constance; Jean de la Balue (1465-67), who later

became a prisoner of Louis XI ; Claude de Saintes, the Apologist (1575-91); Du Perron (1593-1606), a great factor in the abjuration of Henry IV. Thomas Lindet (174.3-1823), a member of the Convention, was ap- pointed constitutional Bishop of E\Teu.x from March, 1791, to November, 1792. The following saints are venerated in the diocese: St. Maximus and St. Vene- randus, martyrs, at Acquigny on the Eure; St. Leu- froy (Leufredus), founder of the Benedictine monas- tery at La-Croi.x Saint-Ouen (Audoenus), who died 21 June, 738, and his brother St. Aifroy (Agofredus), who succeeded him.

The cathedral of Evreux is one of the oldest in France; its octagonal dome w-as built at Cardinal Balue 's expense; the church of Gisors has fine sculp-

tures, among them a statue by Jean Goujon. There are pilgrimages to the shrine of Notre-Dame de !a Couture at Bernay (since the tenth century); to that of Notre-Dame des Arcs at Pont de 1' Arche; and to a relic of St. Clotilda venerated at .\ndelys. Previous to the anti-Congregations law of 1901, there were Jesuits and Lazarists at Evreux. Communities of nuns devoted to teaching and the relief of the poor were: the Dominicans of St. Catherine of Siena, an in- stitute founded in 1878 at Etr^pagny, which has three houses in the English West Indies ; and especially the Sisters of Providence of EvTeux, an order founded in 1700 by Justine Duvivier and her brother Father Duvivier in a small hamlet called Caer. It was or- ganized by Father James, an Eudist missionary, and re-established in 1804 by Charlotte Le Mesle; it had several houses in the diocese. The charitable institu- tions in charge of religious orders were in 1900' 2 crfiches, 10 day-nurseries, 1 orphan asylum for boys, 12 for girls, 3 workrooms, 19 homos for the aged, 11 dispensaries, 2 houses of retreat, antl 1 insane asylum. The Diocese of Evreux comprised in 1905 (close of the Concordat period) 334,781 inhabitants, 37 parishes, 545 succursal parishes (mission churches), and 25 vicariates paid by the State,

Gallia Christiana (iVona), (1759\ XI, 564, 625; instrumenla. 123, 152; Chassa.nt and Saw AGt:/Iiistoire des evequesd' Evreux