Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 5.djvu/717

 EUTTCHItlS

639

EVAGRIUS

of faith. At the same time, he urged him to summon the Council at once. Meanwhile Justinian had pub- lished a second, and still stronger, condemnation of the Three Chapters (23 Dec, 551). Vigilius gave, and then withdrew, his consent to the Council. Justinian insisted on the exclusion of the African bishops, who were all strongly opposed to his contlemnations. In spite of the Pope's refusal, the council met on 5 May,

553, at Constantinople. A hundred and sLxty-five bishops attended. This is what was afterwards recog- nized as the Fifth General Council (Constantinople II). On 14 May the Pope sent them a modified De- cree, called the Constitutum, in which he condemned sixty propositions taken from Theodore of Mopsuestia, but forbade the coiidemuution of the other Chapters. As he would not atteml the council Eutychius pre- sided. The Council wrote respectfully to the Pope, but, in spite of the Constitutum, completely confirmed Justinian's edicts, in its eighth session. It also ac- knowledged the formula Unn.i de Trirrilate passus est as orthodox, and incidentally condemned Origen. (Can. 11, 12, 13, 14. For this Council see Liberati Breviarium, infra; Mansi, IX, 163; Hefele, Concilien- gesch., 2n(l ed., II, 898 seq.) Vigilius gave in on S December, after months of ill-treatment, was allowed to go back to Rome, and died on the way, in Sicily, in

554. [There is an account of all this story in Fortes- cue's Orth. Eastern Church, 82-83.]

Eutychius had, so far, stood by the Emperor throughout. He composed the decree of the Council against The Chapters (Mansi, IX, 367-575). In 562, he consecrated the new church of Sancta Sophia. His next adventure was a quarrel with Justinian about the Aphthartodocetes. These were a sect of Monophy- sites, in Egypt, who said that Christ's body on earth was incorruptible {d<p8opd), and subject to no pain. The Emperor saw in the defence of these people a new means of conciliating the Monophysites, and, in 564, he published a decree defending their theory (Evag- rius. Hist. Eccl., IV, 391). Eutychius resisted this decree, so on 22 January, 565, he was arrested in his church, and banished to a monastery at Chalcedon. Eight days later a synod was summoned to judge him. A ridiculous list of charges was brought against him; he used ointment, he ate deliciously, etc. (Eustathius, Vita S. Eutych., 4, 5). He was condemned, deposed, and sent to Prince's Island in Propontis. Thence he went to his old home at Amasea, where he stayed twelve years. Joannes Soholasticus succeeded as Patriarch (John III, 566-577); and after his death, in 577, the Emperor Justin II (.565-578) recalled Euty- chius, who came back in October. At the end of his life Eutychius evolved a heretical opinion denying the resurrection of the body. St. Gregory the Great was then Apocrisiarius (legate) of the Roman See, at Con- stantinople. He argued about this question with the patriarch, quoting Luke, xxiv, 39, with great effect, so that Eutychius, on his death-bed, made a full and orthodox profession of faith as to this point. St. Gregory tells the whole story in his " Exp. in libr. Job " (Moralium lib. XIV, 56) ; Eutychius dying said: "I confess that we sha^l all rise again in this flesh". (See also Paul. Diac: Vita Greg. Mag. I, 9.) His ex- tant works are his letter to Pope Vigilius (Migne, P. L., LXIX, 63, P. G. LXXXVI, 2401), a fragment of a "Discourse on Easter" (Mai: Class. Auct. X, 488, and Script. Vet. Nov. (loll. IX, 623); and other frag- ments in P. G., LXXXVI. His life was written by his disciple Eustathius, a priest of Constantinople. His feast is kept by the Byzantine Church on 6 April, and he is nK'iitioncd in our "Corpus luris" (Grat., I pars., Dist. XVI, Cap. X).

KtiKTATirurs, Vila St. Eutychii in Acta S.S., April, I, .5.W-.';7.'?: EvAORHis, llUt. Keel., IV, 37, 38; V, 16, 18; HErELE, Cmicili- engexeh.. II, II, S.-iL', etc. AdUIAN FoUTESCIIE.

Eutychius, Melchite Patriarch of Alexandria, author of a history of the world, b. 870, at Fustat

(Cairo) ; d. 11 May, 940. He was an Egyptian Arab, named Sa'Id ibn Batriq; his father's name was Ba- triq (Patricius). He first studied medicine and his- tory, and practised for a time as a physician. He then entereil a monastery and eventually became Patriarch of Alexandria, taking the name Eutychius, in 933. Being the Melchite (rthoilox) patriarch, he spent most of his reign in strife with the great majority of Egyptian Christians who were (Monophysite) Copts, and with his Coptic rival. His works (all writ- ten in Arabic and preserved only in part) are treatises on medicine, theology, and history. He wrote a com- pendium called "The Book of Medicine", treatises on fasting, Easter, and the Jewish Passover, various feasts, etc. ; also a " Discussion between a Christian and an Infidel", by which he means a Melchite and a Monophysite. But his most important work is "Nazm al-Gawahir" (Chaplet of Pearls), a chronicle of the history of the work! from Adam to 938. The work is dedicated to his brother, Isa ibn Batriq, and is meant to supply a short accoimt of universal history. In Latin it is quoted as "Eutychii Historia universalis", or as the "Annates" of Eutychius. The author states that he has compiled his history only from the Bible and reliable authorities. It contains, however, a great number of strange and improbable additions to Biblical and profane history not found in any other source. There are also in the "Chaplet of Pearls" many valuable details about the .Monophysite controversy and the history of the Patriarchate of Alexandria. The book acquired a certain fame when, in the seventeenth century, John Seklen published an excerpt of it (London, 1642, see below) in order to prove that originally at Alexandria there was no dis- tinction between bishops and priests (a theory at one time adopted by St. Jerome, "In Ep. ad Titum", I, 5; Ep.cxlvi, "adEvangelum"). Selden was answered by a Maronite, Abraham Ecchellensis (Rome, 1661), who disputed the accuracy of his translation of the passages in question and proposed another. In the thirteenth century another Arabic historian, Al- Makin (d. 1275), used Eutychius' work in compiling his own history of the world to 1260 (Krumbacher, Byzantinische Litteratur, Munich, 1897, p. 368).

The first edition of the Chaplet of Pearls is that of Pococke, Conlexlio Gemmarum, seu Eu'ychii PatriaTchtE Alexandrini An- luiles (Oxford, 1658. 1659), I, II. This Latin version is repro- duced in P. G., CXI, 889-1232. Selden's excerpt contains only the history of the origins of the Church of .Alexandria, Eutychii jEgyptii, Patriarchw orthodoxorum Alexandrini eccle- sicB sues origines (London, 1642); Abraham Ecchellensis, Eutychius Patr. Alex, vindieatus (Rome, 1661); Cave, Scrip- tores eeelesiastici, 498; Renaudot, Historia Patriarcharum Alriandrinnrum (Paris, 1713), 346 sqq.; VON GuTSCHMiD, Ver- zciehniss der Patriarchen von Alexandrien in his Klcine Schriften (Leipzig. 1890), 399 sqq.; Graf, Die christliche arab. LiteraluT (1905), 40 sqq. ADRIAN FoRTESCUE.

Evagrius, surnamed ScHoi.ASTirus, Ecclesiastical histiirian and last of the continuators of Eusebius of Ca'sarca, b. in 536 at Epiphania in ( 'lele-Syria; d. after 594, date unknown. He followed the profession of advocate at .Xntioch (lionce his surname) and became the friend of the Patriarch Gregory (569-594), whom he successfully tiefended in presence of the Emperor Maurice and of the Council at Constantinople (5S8). Having already been appointed quajstor by Tiberius II (578-582), he received from Maurice the title of honorary prefect (ex pnrfectis). Evagrius, a product of the masters of rhetoric, made a collection of the re- ports, letters, and decisions which he had written for the Patriarch Gregory. Another collection contained discourses of 10\agrius, among them a panegyric of the Emperor Maurice and his son Theodosius. These have all been lost. None of his works survive except his " Ecclesiastical History" in six books. In this he proposes to write the sequel of the narrative begim by Eusebivis of Ca'sarea an<l contTnued by Socrates, Sozo- men, and Theodori't. He begins with the Council of Ephesus (431) and ends with the twelfth year of the