Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 5.djvu/704

 EUSTACE

626

EUSTACHIUS

Eustace.SAiNT, date of birth unknown, d. 29 March, 625. He was second abbot of the Irish monastery of Luxeiiil in France, and his feast is commemorated in the Celtic martyrologies on the 29th of March. He was one of the first companions of St. Columbanus, a monk of Bangor (Ireland), who with his disciples did much to spread the Gospel over Central and Southern Europe. When Columbanus, the founder of Luxeuil, was banished from the Kingdom of Burgundy, on account of his reproving the morals of King Thierrj% the exiled abbot recommended his community to choose Eustace as his successor. Subsequently Colum- banus settled at Bobbio in Italy. Three years after his appointment i G13), when Clothaire II became ruler of the triple Kingdom of France, the abbot of Luxeuil was commissioned, by royal authority, to proceed to Bobbio for the purpose of recalling Columbanus. The latter, however, setting forth his reasons in a letter to the king, declined to return, but asked that Clothaire would take under his protection the monastery and brethren of Luxeuil. During the twelve years that followed, under the administration of the abbot Eustace, the monastery continued to acquire renown as a seat of learning and sanctity. Through the royal patronage, its benefices and lands were increased, the king devoting a yearly sum, from his own revenues, to^\-ards its support. Eustace and his monks devoted themselves to preaching in remote districts, not yet evangelized, chiefly in the north-eastern extremities of Gaul, Their missionary work extended even to Bavaria. Between the monasteries of Luxeuil in France and that of Bobbio in Italy (both founded by St. Columbanus) connexion and intercourse seem to have long been kept up.

Ada SS.. 29 March; .Mveillos, Ada Sandorum. O.S.B.; Baronius. Amial. Ecd.; Colgan, Ada Sanctorum HiberniT; BuTLEB, Lives of the Saints, I, 417; Smith in Did. Christ. Biog.,

s. v. John B. Cullen.

Eustace, John Chetwode, antiquary, b. in Ire- land, c. 1762: d. at Naples, Italy, 1 Aug!, 1S15. His family was English, his mother being one of the Chet- wodes of Cheshire. He was educated at Sedgley Park School, and .after 1774 at the Benedictine house, St. Gregorj-'s, Douay. He did not become a Benedic- tine though he always retained an attachment to the order, but went to Ireland where he taught rhetoric at Ma\-nooth college, where he was ordained priest. He never had mucli sympathy for Ireland and, ha\'ing given some offence there, returned to England to assist Dr. Collins in his school at Southall Park. From there he went to be chaplain to Sir William Jerning- ham at Costessey. In 1802 he travelled through Italy with three pupils, John Cust (afterwards Lord Brown- low), Robert Rushbroke, and Philip Roche. During these travels he wrote a journal which subsequently became celebrated in his "Classical Tour". In 1805 he resided in Jesus College, Cambridge, as tutor to George Petre. This was a most unusual position for a Catholic priest, and Eustace's intercourse with lead- ing memliers of the universitv led to his being charged with indilTerentism. Dr. Milner, then vicar Apos- tolic, charged him with laying aside "the distinctive worship of his priesthood, in compliment, as he pro- fessed, to the liberality of the Protestant clergj'. with whom he associated" and with permitting Catholics under his care to attend Protestant services. "This conduct", wrote the bishop, "was so notorious and offensive to real Catholics, that I was called upon by my brethren to use every means in my power to put a stop to it." On the other hand, an intimate friend says, "he never for a moment lost sight of his sacred character or its duties" (Gentleman's Magazine, see below). When Petre left Cambridge, Eustace ac- companied him on another tour to Greece, Sicily, and Malta. In IS1.3 the publication of his "Classical Tour" obtained for him sudden celebrity, and he be- came a prominent figure in literary society, Burke

being one of his chief friends. A short tour in France, in 1814, led to his " Letter from Paris", and in 1815 he travelled again to Italy to collect fresh materials, but he was seized with malaria at Naples and died there. Before death he bitterly lamented the erroneous tend- ency of certain passages in his writings. His works were: "A Political Catechism adapted to the present Moment" (1810); "An Answer to the Charge deliv- ered by the Bishop of Lincoln to the Clergy of that Diocese at the Triennial Visitation in 1812"; "A Tour through Italy" (London, 1813, 2d ed., 1814); "A Classical Tour through Italy", 3d edition of the pre- vious work, re\ised and enlarged (1815). A seventh edition of it appeared in London in 1841. It was also reprinted at Paris in 1837 in a series "Collections of Ancient and Modern English Authors", and "The Proofs of Christianity" (1814). The manuscript of his course of rhetoric, never published, is at Downside.

CathoHcon (18171, V, 205; Gentleman's Magazine. LXXXV, ii: Kirk, Biog. Mem. of Eighteenth Century Cath. (London, 190S); Butler. Mem. of English Cath. (London, 1819); Hcsen- BETH, Life of Bishop Milner (Dublin, 1862); Gillow, Bibl. Diet. Eng. Cath., II; Cooper in Diet. 2\'al. Biog., XVIII.

Edwin Burton.

Eustace, M.vurice, eldest son of Sir John Eustace, Castlemartin, County Kildare, Ireland, martyred for the Faith, Nov., 1581. Owing to the penal laws he was sent to be educated at the Jesuit College at Bruges in Flanders, where, after the completion of his secular studies, he desired to enter the Society of Jesus. His father, however, wrote the superiors of the college to send him home. Maurice returned to Ireland, much against his own inclination, but in the hope of being able, later on, to carry out his desire. After a brief stay, during which he tried to dissuade his father from opposing his vocation, he went back to Flanders. His old masters at the college of Bruges on learning his father's determination advised him to return to Ire- land, and devote himself in the world to the service of religion. Shortly after his arrival in Ireland, he got an appointment as captain of horse, in which position he did much to edify, and even win back to the Faith, those who served under him. He never abandoned the idea of becoming a priest, and secretly took Holy orders. His servant, who was aware of the fact, told his father, who had his son immediately arrested and imprisoned in Dublin. A younger brother, desiring to inherit the famiU- estates, also reported Maurice to be a priest, a Jesuit, and a friend of the queen's enemies. As a consequence, he was put on trial for high treason. During his imprisonment Adam Loft us, Protestant Archbishop of Dublin, offered him his daughter in marriage, and a large dowry, if he would accept the re- formed religion. Yielding neither to bribery nor persecution, Eustace was sentenced to public execu- tion, and hanged.

John B. Cullen.

Eustachius, B.^rtolomeo, a distinguished anato- mist of the Renaissance period — "one of the greatest anatomists that ever lived," according to Hirsch's authoritative "Biographical Dictionary of the Most Prominent Physicians of all Time" — b. at San Seve- rino, in the March of Ancona, Italy, in the early part of the sixteenth centurj'; d. at Rome, August, 1574. Of the details of his life verj' little is known. He re- ceived a good education, and knew Latin and Greek and Arabic very well. After receiving his degree in medicine he devoted himself to the study of anatomy so succes-sfully that with Vesalius and Columbus he constitutes the trio who remade the science of anat- omy for modern times. He early attracted attention for his .skill and knowledge, and became physician to Cardinal Borromeo, since known as St. Charles Bor- roraeo. He was also physician to Cardinal Giulio delta Rovere whom he accompanied to Rome. After the death of Columbus he was chosen professor of anat- omy at the Sapienza which had been reorganized as