Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 5.djvu/671

 EUDOCIA

597

KUGENDUS

appointed for the Seminaries of Vaiognes, Avranches, Dol, Senlis, Blois, Domfront, and Seez. At Rennes, Rouen, and some other cities seminaries were con- ducted for students of a poorer class who were called to exercise the ministry in country places. These were sometimes called "little" seminaries. The pos- tulants were atlmitted early and made both their pro- fane and ecclesiastical studies. During the French Revolution, three Eudists, Fathers Hebert, Potier, and Lefranc, perished at Paris in the massacres of September, 1792. The cause of their beatification with that of some other victims of September has been introduced in Rome. Father Hebert was the confessor of King Louis XVI, and shortly before his death he made the king promise to consecrate his kingdom to the Sacred Heart if he escaped from his enemies. After the Revolution the society had great difficulty in establishing itself again, and it was only in the second half of the nineteenth century that it began to prosper. Too late to take over again the direction of seminaries formerly theirs, the Eudists entered upon missionary work and secondary education in colleges. The "Law of Associations" (190(i) brought about the ruin of the establishments which they had in France. Besides the scholasticates which they have opened in Belgium and in Spain, they direct seminaries at Car- thagena, at Antioquia, at Pamplona, at Panamii (South America), and at San Domingo, West Indies. In Canada they have the Vicariate Apostolic of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, a seminary at Halifax, N. S., a college at Church Point, N. S., and at Caraquet, N. B., and a ninnber of other establishments less important. They number about fifteen establishments and about one hundred and twenty priests in Canada. In France, where the majority still remains, the Eudists continue to preach missions and to take part in vari- ous other works.

De Montzfy. Le Ph-e Elides et srs Institutes (Paris, 1869); Hkimbuchek. Ord. u. Kong. d. Kath. A' iVcAc (Paderborn, 1908), III, 449-32; Brau.nml'LLEr in Kircheniex-.s. v.

Charlks Lebrun.

Eudocia (Eddokia). — ^lia Eudocia, sometimes wrongly called Eudoxia, was the wife of Theodosius II ; died c. 4G0. Her original name was Athenais, and she was the daughter of Leontius, one of the last pa- gans who taught rhetoric at Athens. Malalas and the other Byzantine chroniclers make the most of the romant ic story of her marriage. Leontius when dying left nearly all his property to his two sons. To Athenais he bequeathed only 100 pieces of gold with the explanation that she would not need more, since "her luck was greater than that of all women". She came to Constantinople to dispute this will, and was there seen by Pulcheria, the elder sister of Theodosius II, who ruled for him till he should be of age. The emperor had already expressed his wish to marry (he was just twenty years old); both he and Pulcheria were greatly delighted with Athenais. Malalas (op. cit., p. 353) enlarges on her beauty. She was in- structed in the Christian Faith and baptized by the Patriarch Atticus. On 7 June, 421, she married Theodosius. At her baptism she had taken the name Eudocia. Pulcheria took charge of her education in the deportment that was expected of an empress. Theodosius and Eudocia had one daughter, Eudoxia, who married the Western C;rsar, Valentinian III (42.5-455). It seems that after the wedding a certain rivalry began between Pulcheria and Eudocia and that this was the beginning of the empress's troubles. In 438 Eudocia made her first pilgrimage to Jerusalem; on the way she stopped at Antioch and made a speech with a quotation from Homer that greatly delighted the citizens — so much so that they .set up a golden statue in her honour. From Jerusalem .she brought back St. Peter's chains, of which she .sent half to her daughter in the West, who gave it to the pope. The

basilica of St. Peter ad Vincula was built to receive this chain (Brev. Rom., 1 Aug., Lect. 4-G).

In 441 Eudocia fell into disgrace through an unjust suspicion of infidelity with Paulinos, the " Master of the Offices". Paulinos was murdered and Eudocia banished. In 442 she went back to Jerusalem and lived there till her death. She became for a time an ardent Monophysite. In 453 St. Leo I of Rome WTote to convert her. She then returned to the Catholic Faith and used her influence in Palestine in favour of the Council of Chalcedon (451). Theodo- sius II died in 450, Pulcheria in 453 ; another dynasty under Marcian took the place of the line of Theodosius the Great. Eudocia, forgotten by the world, spent her last years in good works and quiet raetlitation at the holy places of Jerusalem. She was buried in the church of St. Stephen, built by her outside the north- ern gate. Byzantine history offers few so strange or picturesque stories as that of the little pagan Athen- ian who, after having been mistress of the civilized world, ended her days as an ardent mystic, almost a nun, by the tomb of Christ. Eudocia wrote much poetry. As empress she composed a poem in honour of her husband's victory over the Persians; later at Jerusalem she wrote religious verse, namely, a para- phrase of a great part of the Bible (warmly praised by Photius, Bibliotheca, 1S3), a life of Christ in Homeric hexameters, and three books telling the story of Sts. Cyprian and Justina (a legend about a converted magician that seems to be one version of the Faust story; see Th. Zahn, "Cyprian von Antiochien und die deutsche Faustsage", 1887). The extant frag- ments of these poems were edited by A. Ludwich, "Eudocife AugustJe . . . carminum griecorum reli- qui:e" (Leipzig, 1897). See also fragments in P. G., LXXXV, 832 sqq.

Another Byzantine empress of the same name (d. 404), like the above often wrongly called Eudoxia, daughter of the Frank general Bauto, and wife of Emperor Arcadius, was the cause of the first and sec- ond exile of St. John t'hrysostom. After the fall of the eunuch Eutropius this beautiful but proud and avaricious woman dominated Arcadius. She was the mother of Pulcheria and Theodosius II. The homily against her attributed to St. John Chrysostom (P. G., LIX, 485) is not genuine. Cf. Tillemont, "Hist, des Empereurs" (Paris, 1701), V, 785.

Malalas, Chronographia, ed. Dindorf (Bonn, 1831): repr. in P. a.. XCVII, 9-790, pp. 353-358; Socrates, H. E., VII, xxi. 47; EvAGRiDs, H. E., I, xx-xxii; Wiegand, Eudoxia, Cemahlin des osirdmischen Kaisers Theodosius II. (Worms, 1871); Gre- GOROVIU8, Athenais, Geschichte einer byzantinischen Kaiscrin (Leipzig, 1892); Diehl, Athenais in Figures Byzantines (Paris, 1906, pp. 25-49), I, ii.

Adrian Fortescue.

Eudoxias, a titular see of Galatia Secunda in Asia Minor, suffragan of Pessinus. Eudoxias is mentioned only by Hierocles (Synecdemus, 698, 2) and Parthey (Notit. episc, I, VIII, IX). Two bishops are known, Aquilas in 451 and Menas in 53(i (Lequien, Or. christ., I, 495). Another is spoken of in the life of St. Theodore of Sycic, about the end of the sixth century. The original name of the town is unknown, Eudoxias being the name given to it in honour either of the mother or of the daughter of Theodosius II. It was perhaps Gordion, where Alexander the Great cut the famous knot, and stood perhaps at the modern Viirnie, in the vilayet of .\ngora. Others, however, identify Eudoxias with Akkilaion, whose site is unknown, and place Germe at Yiirme.

Kamsay, Asia Minor, 224-226; Anderson in Journal of Ilellrn. Studies. XIX, 88; Idem in Annual of the British School at Athens, IV, 66.

S. Petiiidk.s.

Eugendus, Saint (AnoENDtr.s; Fr. Oyand, Oyan), fourth Abbot of (Vindat (Jura), b. about 449, at izer- nore, Ain, Francho-ComtC!; d. I Jan., 510, at Condat. He was instructed in reading and writing by his