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 ERNIN

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ERRINaTON

rejoiced at his coming, started to meet him. Ernan likewise hastened, but when he was twenty-four paces from his nephew lie fell to the earth and died. Thus was the prophecy of St. Columba fulfilled, that he would never again see Ernan alive (Adamnan, I, xlv).

C-i) St. Ernan of Cluvain-Deoghra in Meath (or in County Longford), sixth or seventh century. He is commemorated on 11 January in the MartjTology of Tallagh. 'When St. Fechin visited St. Ernan at Clu- vain-Deoghra the grinding noise of the mill outside the guest-house gave him much annoyance. St. Fechin blessed the mill, and it is said that in consequence thereof the noise ceased to be heard in the guest-house for the future.

O'Hanlon'. Lives of the Irish Saitits, I. 174; Colgan, Acta SS.Hib., 138.

(4) St. Ernan of Tor.\ch, d. 17 August, about 650. He was son of Colman of the race of Eogan, son of Niall. and is numberetl by some among the disciples of St. Columba. The latter saint foimded a church and monastery on the island of Torach or Tory, off the N. W. coast of Donegal. It is micertain whether St. Ernan actually accompanied St. Columba thither (the chronolog}^ would seem to preclude it), but he was chosen to be its abbot, and in after years was regarded as the local patron. Colgan has erroneously identified him with Ernan of Cluvain-Deoghra. It has been con- jectured that this Ernan is identical with the Ernan whose name ajipears in the epistle of John, the pope- elect, to the prelates of North Ireland in 640. If this be so, he must have been a person of some importance. The whole question of the separate identity of the last th;ee Ernans, as discussed by Colgan, Lanigan, and O'Hanlon, is exceedingly complex and obscure.

O'Hanlon-, Lives of the Irish Saints (Dublin, 1875), I. 174; VIII. 239.

Columba Edmonds. Emin, Saint. See Mernoc.

Ernst of Hesse-Rheinfels, landgrave, b. 9 Dec, 1623, at Caesel; d. 12 May, 1693, at Cologne. He was the sLxth son of Jloritz, Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel, after whose resignation of the government in 1627 to his son Wilhelm V, Ernst and his brother Hermann respectively founded the collateral lines of Hesse- Rheinfels and Hcsse-Rotenburg. He figures promi- nently in the rehgious history of his country on account of the controversial Hterature called forth by his con- version to the Catholic Faith. L'nder the strict dis- cipline of his mother his instruction in the principles of the Reformed Church received the utmost attention. After considerable travel he chose, in 1641, the mili- tary'' career. In 1642 he entered the Hessian army, proving himself an alile commander of the Hessian troops who fought on the side of Sweden during the Thirty Years' War. While visiting the Hessian Gen- eral Geyso, who was in prison at Gesecke, he was him- self arrested and taken prisoner to Paderborn. His social intercourse here with the royal army chaplain laid the foundation of his conversion. After the Peace of Westphalia he took up the government of his portion of Hesse. His desire to establish a collateral line independent of Cassel brought him in 1650 to \'ienna, where his conversion to the Catholic Church was effected by the .\ugustinian .Vlfons Staimos. Be- fore his formal reception into the Church, he returned to Rheinfels and challenged the Hessian theologians, George Calixtus of Helmstadt, Crocius of Marburg, and Haberkorn of Giesscn, to a public disputation on certain points of doctrine, with the Capuchin Valerian Magnus, .\fter the disputation the landgrave made a formal profession of the Catholic Faith and gave the reasons for his conversion in the work: "Conversionis ad fidemCatholicam motivaS. etC'. I'rincipis ac Dom. Ernesti Hassi;p Landgravii" (Cologne, 1652). This work gave rise to a long and bitter controversy in which he himself took an active part, defending fear-

lessly in various writings against his opponents the course he had taken. His character as a prince is best described by himself in " Pourtraict ou description de la vie du Prince Ernest" (1669).

KoEN'NECKE in Alloem. dent. Biogr., IV, 284; Hurter, .Vo- menclator. A list of the controversial literature is given by Streber in Kirchenlcx., s. v.

Joseph Schroeder.

Ernulf, architect, b. at Beauvais, France, in 1040- d. 1124. He studied under Lanfranc at the monastery of Bee, entered the Benedictine Order, and lived long as a brother in the monastery of St-Lucien, Beauvais. At the suggestion of Lanfranc he went to England, sometime after 1070, and joined the monks of Christ Church, Canterbury. He was made prior by Arch- bishop .\nselin, and in 1107 Abbot of Peterborough; in 1114 he was appointed Bishop of Rochester. While at Canterbury, he had taken down the eastern part of the church which Lanfranc had built, and erected a far more magnificent structure. This in- cluded the famous crypt (Our Lady of the LTn- dercroft), as far as Trinity Tower. The chancel was finished by his successor Conrad. The chapel of St. Andrew is also part of Ernulf 's work. At Peterborough and Rochester, Ernulf had the old buildings torn down and erected new dormitories, refectories, chap- ter house, etc. He is the author of "Text us Roffensis" (a large collection of documents relating to the Church of Rochester); "Collectanea de rebus eccl. Ruff en- sis" in P. L., CLXIII, 1443 sqq., also of several canonical and theological treatises in D'Ach^ry, " Spicileg.", Ill, 404 sqq.

Willis, The Architectural History of Canterbury Cathedral (London, 1S54); "Wright, Biographia Brilannica Litcraria (London, lSo6>; MS. Cotton. Vespas. E. III. Bibl. Bodl., MS. Laud No. U>: William of Malmesburt, De Gcst. Pontif., 234; Hist. lit. de France. Vol. X; R. L. Poole in Diet. Xat. Biog..s. v.; Batesox, Medieval England (London, 1904); Cox, Canterbury (London, 1905).

Thomas H. Poole.

Errington, William, priest, founder of Sedgley Park School, b.l7July,1716; d. 28 .September, 1768. Hewas son of Mark Errington of Wiltshire, a descendant of the Erringtons of Walwick Grange, Northinnberland ; his mother's maiden name was Martha Baker. In 1737 he went to Douai, took the mission oath 28 December, 1741, and was ordained a priest in December, 1747. If he acted as professor at Douai after his ordination, as is generally stated, it could only ha\-e been for a very short time, as he left there for England, 26 March, 1748 (manuscript list of Douai clergy in the West- minster archives). On arrival in London he took up his residence with Bishop Challoner, then coadjutor to Bishop Petre. Kirk states that Dr. Challoner " had a high opinion of Mr. Errington, both as an active and zealous missionary and as a man of business". It was on accoimt of these qualities that when the bishop wished to found a good middle-class school in England he induced Errington to imdertake the work. It was a most difficult tmdertaking, and Errington made three unsuccessful attempts, the first in Buckinghamshire, the second in Wales, and the third at Betley near New- castle-imder-LjTie in Staffordshire, before he suc- ceeiled in founding a permanent school at Sedgley Park in the neighbourhood of Wolverhampton. On Lady-Day, 1703, he opened this school with twelve boys in the house known as the Park Hall, till then the residence of John, Lord Ward, afterwards Viscoimt Dudley and Ward. The little foundation was at once attacked in Parliament, but Lord Dudley successfully clefended himself. The school was not interfered with; it developed into the famous Sedgley Park School which did good service to the Church for over a century, and is now represented by St. Wilfrid's College, Oakmoor, near (Z'headle. Having founded the school, Errington's work there was done, and as soon as he secured the appointment of the Rev. Hugh Kendall as head-master in May, 1763, he returned to