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May, Tyburn. 1654: John Southworth p., q. v., 28 June, Tyburn.

(5) file Oates Plot.—IQIS: Edward Coleman 1., q. v., 3 Dec, Tyburn; Edward Mico, S.J., 3 Dec, in Newgate; Thomas Bedingfeld, S.J., 21 Dec, in Gate- house Prison. 1679: William Ireland, S.J., q. v., with John Grove 1., 24 Jan., Tyburn; Thomas Pick- ering, O.S.B., 9 May, Tyburn; Thomas ^\^litbread, S.J., with William Harcourt, S.J., John Fenwick, S.J., John Gavan, or Green, S.J., and .\nthony Turner, S.J., 20 June, Tyburn; Francis N'evil, S.J., Feb., in Staf- ford Gaol; Richard Langhome 1., q. v., 14 July, Ty- bm-n; W''illiam Plessington p., 19 July, Chester; Philip Evans, S.J., 22 July, with John Lloyd p., 22 July, Cardiff; Xicholas Postgate p., q. v., 7 Aug., York; Charles Mahony, O.S.F., 12 Aug., Ruthin; John Wall, O.S.F., q. v., 22 Aug., Worcester; Francis Levison, O..S.F., 11 Feb., in prison; John Kemble p., q. v., 22 Aug., Hereford; David Lewis, S.J., q. v., 27 Aug., Usk. 1680: Thomas Thwing p., q. v., 23 Oct., York; William Howard, q. v., A'iscount Stafford, 29 Dec, Tower Hill. The cause of the Irish MartjT Oliver Plunket, q. v., 1 July, Tower Hill, was com- menced with the above martyrs. The cause of his beatification is now being actively proceeded with by the Cardinal Archbishop of Armagh.

III. The Forty-four DrL.\Ti. — ^These, as has been explained above, are those "put off" for further proof. Of these the majority were confessors, who perished after a comparatively short period of im- prisonment, though definite proof of their death ex ccrumnis is not forthcoming. (1) Under Queen Eliza- beth (18). — Robert Dimock, hereditary champion of England, was arrested at Mass, and perLshed after a few weeks' imprisonment at Lincoln, 11 Sept., 1580; John Cooper, a young man, brought up by the writer, Dr. Nicholas Harpsfield, and probably a distributor of Catholic books, arrested at Dover, and sent to the Tower, died of "hunger, cold and stench", 1580; Mr. Ailworth(.\ylword), probably of Passage Castle, Water- ford, who admitted Catholics to Mass at his house, was arrested, and died after eight days, 1580; William Chaplain p., Thomas Cotesmore p., Robert Holmes p., Roger Wakeman p., James Lomax p., perished in 1584. Cotesmore was a bachelor of Oxford in 1536; of Wakeman 's sufferings several harrowing details are on record. Thomas Crowther p., Edward Pole p., John Jetter p., and Laurence Vaux p., q. v., perished in 1585; John Harrison p., 1586; Martin Sherson p., and Gabriel Thimelby p., 1587 ; Thomas Metham, S.J., 1592; Eleanor Himt and Mrs. Wells, gentlewomen, on unknown days in 1600 and 1602. (2) Under the Com- monicealth (8). — Edward Wilkes p., died in York Cas- tle before execution in 1642; Boniface Kempe (or Francis Kipton) and Ildephonse Hesketh (or A\'illiam Hanson), O.S.B., professed of Montserrat, seized by Puritan soldiery in Yorkshire, and worried to death, 26 July (?), 1644; Richard Bradley, S.J., b. at Brj-n- ing Hall, Lanes., 1605, of a well-known Catholic fam- ily, seized and imprisoned, but died before trial at Manchester, 20 Jan., 1645; John Felton, S.J., \Tsit- ing another Father in Lincoln, was seized and so badly used that, when released (for no one appeared against him), he died within a month, 17 Feb., 1645; Thomas Vaughan of Courtfield p., and Thomas Blount p., imprisoned at Shrewsbury, d. at unknown dates; Robert Cox, O.S.B., d. in the Clink Prison, 1650. (3) During the Oates Plot (10).— Thomas Jen- nison, S.J., d. after twelve months' imprisonment, 27 Sept., 1679. He had renounced a handsome inheri- tance in favour of his brother, who, nevertheless, hav- ing apostatized, turned king's e\-idence against him. William Llovd, d. under sentence of death at Breck- nock, 1679. " Placid Aldham or John Adland (O.S.B.), a convert clergyman, chaplain to Queen Catherine of Braganza, d. under sentence in 1679. William Atkins, S.J., condemned at Stafford, was too deaf to

hear the sentence. When it was shouted in his ear, he turned and thanked the judge; he was reprieved and d. in bonds, 7 March, 1681. Rich.ard Birkett p., d. 1680 under sentence in Lancaster Castle; but our martjTologists seem to have made some confusion between him and John Penketh, S.J., a fellow prisoner (see Gillo%v, Catholic Rec. Soc, IV, pp. 431-40). Richard Lacey (Prince), S.J., Newgate, 11 March, 1680; William" Allison p., York Castle, 16S1 ; Edward Turner, S.J., 19 March, 1081, Gatehouse; Benedict Constable, O.S.B., professed at Lamspring, 1669, 11 Dec, 1683, Durham Gaol; William Bennet (Bentney), S.J., 30 October, 1692, Leicester Gaol under William III. (4) Others Put off for Various Causes. (8). — John Mawson, assigned to 1614, is not yet sufficiently dis- tinguished from John Mason, 1591; there is a similar difficulty between JIatthias Harrison, assigned to 1599, and James Harrison, 1602; William Tyrrwhit, named by error for his brother Robert ; likewise the identity of Thomas Dyer, O.S.B., has not been fully proved; James Atkinson, killed under torture by Topcliffe, but evidence is wanted of his constancy to the end. Father Henrj' Garnet, S.J., q. v.; was he killed ex odio fidei, or was he believed to be guilty of the Powder Plot, by merely human mi.sjudgment, not through religious prejudice? The case of Lawrence Hill and Robert Green at the time of the Oates Plot is similar. W'as it due to odium fidei, or an unpreju- diced error?

IV. The PR.ETERMISSI (242) — (1) Martyrs on the Scaffold.— 153i: Elizabeth Barton, q. v. (The Holy Maid of Kent), with five companions; John Dering, O.S.B., Edward Bocking, O.S.B., Hugh Rich, O.S.F., Richard Masters p., Henry Gold p., 1537. Monk.s, 28. — .\fter the Pilgrimage of Grace, and the Rising of Lincolnshire many, probably several hundred, were e.xecuted, of whom no record remains. The following names, which do survive, are grouped under their respective abbeys or priories. — Barling: Matthew Mackerel, abbot and Bishop of Chalcedon, Ord. Pr^m., Bardney: John Tenant, William Coe, John Francis, William Cowper, Richard Laynton, Hugh Londale, monks. Bridlington: William W^ood, Prior. Foun- tains: William Thyrsk, O. Cist. Guisborough: James Cockerell, Prior. Jervaulx: Adam Sedbar, Abbot; Cieorge Asleby, monk. Kirkstead: Richard Harrison, Abbot, Richard Wade, William Swale, Henry Jenk- inson, monks. Lenton: Nicholas Heath, Prior; Wil- liam Gylham, monk. Sawley: William Trafford, Abbot; Richard Eastgate, monk. Whalley: John Paslew, Abbot; John Eastgate, William Haj'dock, monks. Woburn: Robert Hobbes, Abbot; Ralph Barnes, sub-prior; Laurence Blonham, monk. York: John Pickering, O.S.D., Prior. Place imknown: George ab Alba Rosa, O.S.A. Priests: A^'illiam Bur- raby, Thomas Kendal, John Henmarsh, James Mal- let, John Pickering, Thomas Redforth. Lords: Darcy and Hussey. Knights: Francis Bigod, Stephen Hammerton, Thomas Percy. Laymen til): Robert Aske, Robert Constable, Bernard Fletcher, George Huddeswell, Robert Leeche, Roger Neeve, George Lomley, Thomas MojTie, Robert Sotheby, Nicholas Tempest, Philip Trotter. 1538(7): Henry Courtney, the Marquess of Exeter; Henry Pole, Lord Montague; Sir Edward Neville and Sir Nicholas Carew; George Croft p. and John Collins p.; Hugh Holland 1. Their cause was "adhering to the Pope, and his legate Car- dinal Pole". 1540 (0): Lawrence Cook, O. Carm., Prior of Doncaster ; Thomas Empson, O.S.B.; Robert Bird p.; William Peterson p. ; William Richardson p.; Giles Heron 1. 1544(3): Martin deCoudres,O.S. A., and Paul of St. William, O.S..\.; Darby Genning I. 1569, 1570 (8): Thomas Bishop, Simon Digby, John Ful- thorpe, John Hall, Christopher Norton, Thomas Nor- ton, Robert Pennyman, Oswald Wilkinson, la>'men, who suffered, likeBlessedThomasPercy, Earl of North- umberland, q. v., on occasion of the Northern Rising.