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 EIMHIN

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EINHARD

tion (1S02-1S35), and possesses some relics of St. Wal- burga. Kastel in the Upper Palatinate, founded 109S (Benedictines from the Cluniac congregation), took a prominent part in the reforms of the twelfth century; it was secularized in 1556, and in 1636, during the Counter-Reformation, its domains were transferred to the Jesuit college in Amberg, and after the suppression of the Jesuits (1773) to the I\jiights of Malta; in 1S06 it was secularized once more. Plankstetten (Benedic- tines, founded 1129) was also secularized in 1802. Heilsbronn (Cistercians, founded 1132), also zealous for ecclesiastical reforms, was secularized in 1530 by the margraves of Ansbach. Rebdorf (.\ugustinian canons, founded 1159 through the powerful help of Frederick Barbarossa) was the home of Prior Kilian Leib (1471-1552), linguist and historian; the abbey was secularized in 1802. Bergen (Benedictine nuns, founded 976) was suppressed in 1552 by the Protestant princes of Neuburg; its estates passed later into the hands of the Jesuits, who used tliem to found the semi- nary and gymnasium in Neuburg on the Danube (1664). The "Schottenkloster zum heiligen ICreuz" (The Irish Monastery of the Holy Cross), an Irish foun- dation of 1140 in Efchstatt, passed over to the Capu- chins in 1623, lived through the " secularization" of the early nineteenth century, and is still flourishing. In the "thirteenth century arose the monasteries of Engel- thal (suppressed in 15*50 by the people of Nuremberg) ; Seligenporten (Cistercian nuns), secularized in 1556, after the re-Catholicizing of the Upper Palatinate given to the Salesian nuns of Amberg and Jlunich, and again secularized in 1802; Gnadenthal in Ingolstadt (Fran- ciscan nuns, founded in 1276), still flourishing. In the fifteenth century were founded: Gnadenberg (Brigit- tines), Mariastem near Rebdorf (Augustinian nuns), Koiiigshofen, ]\Iarienburg near Abenberg, all of which disappeared during the last secularization (1802- 1806). Eichstatt had still other monasteries in the Middle Ages: thus the Dominicans had a monastery in the city (founded 1279, secularized in 1802) : the Carmelites in Weissenburg, the Franciscans in Ingol- stadt (1275). From the seventeenth century the Jesuits had flourishing colleges in Eichstatt and Ingol- stadt, the Capuchins in Eichstiitt and Wemding (1669). The Teutonic Knights had a flourishing com- mandery in EUingen which was secularized in 1802.

At present (1909) the diocese numbers one monas- tery of the Benedictines (Plankstetten), four of the Franciscans (Ingolstadt, Dietfurt, Bercliing, Frey- stadt), two of the Capuchins (Eichstatt, Wemding), two convents of nuns (St. Walburg and Gnadenthal), and about forty-six houses of female congregations, among them the flourishing institute of the EngUsh Ladies in Eichstatt. The seminary, restored by Reisach, was enlarged in 1844 by the addition of a philosophico-theological academy (lyceum), and un- der eminent scholars has attained a high degree of prosperity and scientific fame. (Professors: Johann Pruner, d. 1907; G. Suttner, d. 1SS8; Franz Morgott, d. 1900; Valent. Thalhofer, d. 1891; Alb. Stock!, d. 1895; Math. Schneid, d. 1893; Phil. Hergenrother, d. 1890; Mich. Lefl'lad, d. 1900.) Since about 1898 bishops of the United States have been sending stu- dents to the Lyceum for training in philosophy and theology. Dunng the nineteenth century the Dio- cese of Eichstatt also contriljuted several prominent men to the Church in the Ignited States, among them Archbishop Michael Heiss of Milwaukee. P^ounda- tions of Benedictine nuns were also made in the United States from the convent of St. Walburg. In 1908 the diocese had about 185,000 Catholics, 206 parishes, 63 benefices, 79 assistancies, 373 secular and 39 regular priests.

The sources of the diocesan history were compiled Ijy Sutt- ner, Bibliolheca Ei/sMt. dicccesarui (Eiclistiitt, 1866-67); ong- inal records may be found in Lepflad, Krorslcn drr Uixchole vmEicltsim (Eichstiitt, 1875—), which (joes (1909) as far as 1306 and is being continued. Much material is pubhshed in the

Pastoralblatt, the organ of the diocese (Eichstatt, 1854 — ). Earher accounts of the diocesan history are: Gretses, Opp, omn. (Ratisbon, 1734), X; Falkenstein, Antiquitates Nord- gavicnses, 2 parts, and Codex diplomaticus (Frankfort, 1733); Idem, Amilecla Nordgaviensia (Schwabach, 1734—47); Strauss, Viri insiffnes, quos Eichstadium genuit vel aluit (Eichstatt, 1799). See also Suttner, Gfsch. des {alien) bischofl. SeTninars in Eich- statt (Eichstatt, 1859); Hollweck, Gesch. des neucn bischofl. SeTninars (Eichstatt, 18SS): Herb-Mader-Thurnhofeb- ScHLECHT, Eichstatts Kunst (Eichstiitt, 1902); Schwertsch- LAGER, Der Eichstatter botanische Garten (Eichstatt, 1890); RoMSTOCK, Statistik des bischofl, Lyzeums in Eichstatt (Eichstatt, 1894); Grothe, Der hi. Richard und seine Kinder (Berlin. 1908). There are many modern monographs on scholars and artists of the diocese, e. g. Mader, Loy Bering: Thurnhofer, Adelmann V. Adelrruxnsfelden; Haemmerle, Pappenfteimer Altar; Idem, Die Kirche in Bergen. See Gotz, Die Glaitbensspaltung im Gebiele der Markgrafsrhaft Ansbach-Kulmbach, 1520-1535 (Freiburg, 1907). Abundant material may also be found in the Sammel- blatt d. hist. Vereins Eichstatt (Eichstiitt, 1886 — ); Sax, Gesch. des Hoehstifts u. der Sladl Eichstatt (Nuremberg, 1884); Idem, Gesch. der FUrslbischiifev. Eichstatt (Eichstiitt, 1882); Suttneb in Kirchenler.^ s. v. Eichstatt.

Josef Hollweck.

Eimhin, Saint, Abbot and Bishop of Ros-mic- Truin (Ireland), probably in the sixth centurj-. He came of the royal race of Munster, and was brother of two other saints, Culain and Dairmid. Of the early part of his religious life little is known. When he became abbot of the monasterj' of Ros-mic-Truin, in succession to its founder, St. Abban, he had been ap- parently connected with one of the religious houses of the south of Ireland, since it is recorded that a num- ber of monks " followed the man of God from his own coimtry of Munster". Ros-mic-Truin lies in South Leinster on the bank of the River Barrow, and is dis- tant only eight miles, by water, from the confines of Munster, at the point where the Suir and Barrow meet, and in confluence enter the Atlantic. Although the Abbey of Ros-mic-Truin w-as founded by St. Abban, it is said to have been colonized by St. Eim- hin, and from the number of religious and students belonging to the south of Ireland who dwelt there the place came to be called " Ros-glas of the Munster- men". St. Eimhin is said by some to have been the author of the life of St. Patrick, called the " Vita Tri- partita" (ed. Whitley Stokes in R. S.), originally pub-, lished by Father John Colgan, O.S.F. It contains a greater variety of details concerning the mission of the Apostle of Ireland than any other of the lives extant. St. Eimhin was famous for many and great miracles. The date of his death has not been recorded ; however competent authorities assign it to the earlier half of the sixth centurj'. After St. Eimhin's death, it is said, his consecrated bell was held in great veneration, and was used as a swearing relic down to the four- teenth century, oaths and promises made upon it being deemed inviolable. Among the MSS. of the Ubran,' of the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin, is a prose tract entitled "Caine Emine" (i. e. the tribute or rule of Eimhin), also a poem of several stanzas relating to the saint's bell. St. Eimhin is given in the Irish cal- endars on 22 December.

Colgan, .icla SS. Hibemice (Louvain, 1645); Book or Bally mate; Vita Sti .Abbani; Lanigax, Ecclesiastical History of Ire- land (Dublin, 1829); Life of St. Molua (Clonfert); O'C^orrt, Lectures on the MS. Materials of Ancient Irish History (Dublin, 1860).

J. B. CULLEN.

Einhard (less correctly Egixh.^rd), historian, bom c. 770 in the district watered by the River Main in the eastern part of the Prankish Empire; d. 14 March, 840, at Seligenstadt. His earliest training he received at the monastery of Fukla, where he showed such un- usual mental powers that Abbot Baugulf sent him to the court of (Charlemagne. His education was com- pleted at the Palace School, where he was fortunate enough to count among his masters the great .\lcuin, who bears witness to his remarkable talent in mathe- matics and architecture, and also to the fact that, in spite of his unattractive person, he was among the emperor's most trusted advisers. Charlemagne gave