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EDMUND

dents repudiate Blass's view, they will be influenced by the conservative work of H. von Soden, which is now (190S) in course of publication (Die Schriften des NT. in ihrer altesten erreichbaren Textgestalt hergestellt auf Grund ihrer Textgeschichte, Berlin, Duncker). The writer distinguishes three groups of readings: most manuscripts present the Antiochene text, which is probably the recension of Lucian, called K; about fifty witnesses represent the Egj'ptian text, probably the recension of Hesychius, denoted by H ; the third group, denoted by I, is the Vulgate of Palestine. An investigation of the original form and the develop- ment of each of these recensions gives rise to a number of subdivisions. The problem for the textual critic is to discover the archetype which lies in each case at the bottom of the three recensions. If von Soden 's method should eventually prove to be false, it may at least contribute to the improvement of our Greek New-Testament editions.

Several sources have been mentioned in the course of the article. We might refer the reader for a list of the other prin- cipal authors to K.\ulex-Welte-Hcxdhausen in Kirchenlez., 3. V. Bibdausgabcn, or to von Gebhardt in Realencyclopadie; Le Long, BMiotheca sacra, ed. Masch (Halle, 177S), I, 187 sgq.; Rosenmuller, Handhuch fur die Literatur der biblischcn Kritikund Exegese (G6ttingen,1797).I, 278 sqq.; Hug, Einleilung in die Schriften des Neuen Testaments (4th ed., Stuttgart. 1847), I, 268 sqq.; Tregelles, An Account of the Printed Text of the Greek New Testament (London, 1854); Horne and Tregelles, An Introduciion to the Textual Criticism of the Xew Testament (London, 1856), 116 sqq., 648 sqq.; O'Call.aghan, A List of Editions of the Holy Scriptures and parts thereof printed in America previous to ISm (Albany, 1861); Reuss, Bibliotheca Xovi Testamenti Graici (Brunswick, 1872); Hall, A Critical Bibliography of the Greek New Testament as Published in America (Philadelphia. 1883); Hundhausen. Editionen des neutesta- mcnllichen Textes und Schriften ziir neutcstamtntlichen Texikritik sett Lachmann in Literar. Handweiser 1 1882), 321 sqq.; Schaff. .4 Companion to the Greek Testament and the Enfjtish Version (3rd ed., New York, ISSS), 497 sqq.; Rugg, Die neutestamentliche Textkritik seit Lachmann (Zurich. 1892); Lucas, Textual Criti- cism and the Acts of the Apostles in Dublin Review (1894). 30 sqq.; Blass, Acta Apostolorum etc. (Gottingen, 1895); Id., Acta Apostolorum, etc. (Leipzig, 1896); Id.. Evangelium sec. Johan- nem (Leipzig. 1902); (jRegory. Textkritik des Neuen Testamen- les (Leipzig, 1902); Gregory, Canon and Text of the N. T. (New York, 1907); von Soden, Die Schriften des NT. in ihrer altesten erreichbaren Textgestalt etc. (Berlin, 1902. 1906).

A. J. Maas.

Edmondsbury, See Bury St. Edmonds.

Edmund, Comgreg.\tion' op S.\int, founded in 1843, by Jean-Baptiste Muard, at Pontigny, France, for the work of popular missions. The members also devote themselves to parochial work, to the education of youth in semin.aries and colleges, to the direction of pious a.ssociations, and to foreign missions. The mother-house is at Pontigny, but since the expulsion of the religious orders the superior general resides at Hitchin, England. In the United States, the congre- gation has two houses: a missionary house and apos- tolic school at Swanton, Vermont, for the training of young men who wish to study for the priesthood and the religious life; and a college at Winooski, Vermont, with 12 fathers, 8 scholastics, and 100 pupils.

E. M. Salmox.

Edmund Arrowsmith, Venerable, English mar- tyr, I), in l.).S.^ut Haddock; executed at Lancaster, 2.3 Aug., 162S. He is of great reputation for the nmner- ous favours, spiritual and temporal, which are won through his "Holy Hand", still preserved as an object of veneration in the church of St. Oswald, .\.shton, near the martyr's birthplace. Hif5 parents suffered much for their religion, and the future martyr was once, when a child, left .shivering in his night-clothes by the pursuivants, who carried his parents off to Lanca.ster jail. He entered Douai College in 1605, but ill-health compelled him to interrupt his studies; he was, however, ordained priest in 1612. Lanca- .shire was the .scene of his missionary labours and he was eminent for " fervour, zeal and ready wit ". Ap- prehended, probably in 1622, he was brought before Bridgeman, Protestant Bishop of Chester, and had a

lively discussion with him and his ministers. Regain- ing his liberty he entered the Society of Jesue in 162.3, and made his noviceship on the Mission, retiring to Essex for a spiritual retreat. He was eventually be- trayed by false brethren, tried at Lancaster in 1628, and was found guilty of high treason for being a Jesuit priest and a seducer in religion. His fellow- prisoner. Father John .Southworth, afterwards a mar- tyr, absolved him as he went forth to undergo the usual butchery.

Challoner, Missionary Priests (1874), II, 68; Foley, Records of the English Province, S, J., II, 24 sqq.; Gillow, Bibl. Did. Eng. Cath., I, 62.

Patrick Rtan.

Edmund Campion, Blessed, English Jesuit and martyr; he was the son and namesake of a Catholic bookseller, and was b. in London, 25 Jan., 1540; exe- cuted at Tyburn, 1 Dec, 1581. A city company sent the promising child to a grammar school and to Christ Church Hospital. ■UTien Mary Tudor entered London in state as queen, he was the schoolboy chosen to give the Latin salutatory to her majesty. Sir Thomas White, lord mayor, who built and endow- ed St. John's Col- lege at Oxford, ac- cepted Campion as one of his first scholars, appoint- ed him junior fel- low at seventeen, and, dying, gave him his last mes- sages for his aca- demic family. Campion shone at Oxford in 1560, when he delivered

one oration at the reburial of .\my Robsart, and another at the funeral of the foimder of his own college ; and for twelve years he was to be followed and imitated as no man ever was in an English university except himself and Newman. He took both his degrees, and became a celebrated tutor, and, by 1568, junior proctor. Queen Elizabeth had visited Oxford two years before ; she and Dudley, then chancellor, won by Campion's bearing, beauty, and wit, bade him ask for what he would. Succes.ses, local responsibilities, and allurements, hia natural ease of disposition, the representations, above all, of his friend Bishop Cheyney of Gloucester, blinded Campion in regard to his course as a Catholic: he took the Oath of Supremacy, and deacon's orders according to the new rite. Afterthoughts developing into scru- ples, scruples into anguish, he broke off his happy Oxford life when his proctorship ended, and betook himself to Ireland, to await the reopening of Dublin University, an ancient papal foundation temporarily extinct. Sir Henry .Sidney, the lord deputy, was in- terested in Campion's future as well as in the revival which, however, fell through. With Philip Sidney, then a boy. Campion was to have a touching inter- view in 1577.

As too Catholic minded an .Anglican, Campion was suspected, and exposed to danger. Hidden in friendly houses, he composed his treati.se called "A Historj' of Ireland". Written from an English standpoint it gave much offence to the native Irish, and was severely criticized, in the next century, by Geoffrey Keating in his Irish history of Ireland. ITrged to further effort by the zeal of Gregory Martin, he crossed to England in disguise and under an assumed name, reaching