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DUPANLOUP

Ptoc. Som. Archaol. Soc. X\". ii. 22-26; Hunt in Diet. Nat. Biog., s. v.; HnxT. The English Ch. . . . to the Norman Con- quest (London, 1S99). 331-366; Gasquet and Bishop, The Bosworlh Psalter (London, 1908); Toke, Xotes on the Accepted Dale of St. Dunstan's Birth in appendix to Gasquet and Bishop's The Bosworth Psalter; Wilkins, Concilia Magnm Britannia (London. 1737); Kemble, Codex diplomatics eevi Saxonici (London. 1839—10); Liebermann, Ungedruckie anglo- normannische Geschichtsquellen (Strassburg, 1879), 3.

Lesue a. St. L. Toke.

Dupanloup, Felix-Antoixe-Philibert, Bishop of Orleans, France, b. at Saint-Felix, Savoie, 2 June, 1S02; d. at Lacombe, Isere, 11 October, 1878. His mother, Anne Dechosal, to whom he ever remained tenderly devoted, gave him liis early education. The better "to screen his future from the disgrace of his illegitimate birth, she took him when only seven years old to Paris where, by dint of work and privations, she succeeded in keeping him for some time at the College Sarnte-Barbe. After various attempts in other direc- tions, Felix chose the ecclesiastical career, studying grammar at the Petite Cotnmunautc, humanities at the preparatory seminary of Saint-Xicolas du Chardonnet, philosophy at Issy, and theology at Saint-Sulpice, Or- dained priest 18 Dec, 182.5, he went as curate to the Madeleine where he founded the famous Catechismes de I'Assomption and the Academic de St-Hyacinthe, being entrusted meanwhile with the religious educa- tion of the Due de Bordeaux and of the Princes d'Or- leans. The novelty and success of his catechizing methods drew upon him the ill will of his pastor. Transferred to Saint-Roch (1834), he soon won a repu- tation as pulpit orator and director. As superior of the preparatory seminary of Saint-Xicolas (1837—45), he so completely transformed the institution that ad- mission into it was eagerly sought by memljers of the best families of France, "During those few years", says Renan, himself a pupil of Saint-Xicolas (Souve- nirs d'enfance et de jeunesse), " the old house of the rue St-^'ictor l>ecame the school in France which sheltered the greatest number of historical or well-knomi names." At Saint-Xicolas Dupanloup was truly the ideal educator later described in his famous book: " La haute (Education intellectuelle". Absorbed as he was in his professional work, he did not completely give up the direction of souls. Through one of his penitents, Pauline de Perigord, he brought about the conversion of TallejTand (1838). A course in sacred eloquence ■which he had brilliantly inaugurated at the Sorbonne was discontinued after the eleventh lecture, owing to the excitement occasioned by the lecturer's severe criticism of \'oltaire and Villemain's unwillingness to enforce order. In 1844, in connexion with the Ville- main educational bill, which was scarcely more satis- factory to the Catholics than its numerous predeces- sors, Dupanloup inaugurated with Montalembert and Ravignan that long struggle for liberty of education which resulted in the hi Fallniix. It was at his sug- gestion that Ravignan ^Tote "De Texistence et de I'institut des Jcsuites", in order to put down the still active bugbear of the hoinma; no/r.s- called up by B^ren- ger. He also actively supported Montalembert in the formation of the Committee for the Defence of Relig- ious Liberty, and when later Thiers spoke in favour of another unacceptable educational bill, Dupanloup WToteinrepl.y " Des associations religieuses", a pamph- let which became later the book " De la pacification religieuse". A difference of views with Archbishop Affre, in connexion with the above-mentioned polem- ics and the direction of Saint-Xicolas, ended in Du- panloup's transfer from the seminary to a canonicate at Notre-Dame, 184.5.

The four years of his canonicate were by no means years of leisure. In spite of his increasing activity in confessional and pulpit, lie found time for public inter- ests. The elections of 1S46 sent to the French Parlia- ment some 1.50 deputies friendly to liberty of educa- tion, and for these Dupanloup wrote "L'dtat de la

question", a moderate but clear assertion of Catholic claims. As the Salvandy project of 1847 fell short of these claims, he again published a series of pamphlets, "Du nouveau projet deloi", "Des petits-seminaires", among others; and the better to control public opin- ion, he undertook the work of a Catholic daily paper, finally purchasing " L' ami de la religion". In 1848 when Falloux, j-ielding to Dupanloup's persuasion, ac- cepted a portfolio under President Louis Xapoleon, he appointed a commission to draft an educational bill, and made Dupanloup a member. Dupanloup's cour- tesy and undeniable competence won over to the Cath- olic view such men as Thiers and Cousin, thus insur- ing the enactment of 1850. " He made me minister against my will", said Falloux speaking of Dupan- loup; " I have made him bishop against his will." Af)- pointed to the See of Orleans, he took possession of it 11 Dec, 1849, and during the twenty-eight years of his episcopate showed incredible activity. His ad- ministration, min- utely described by Cochard, touched on every vital in- terest of the fii- ocese: the holding of synods, parish \'isitations, organ- ization of catechis- mes and petits- scminaircs along the lines adopted in Paris, develop- ment of charitable works, encourage- ment of ecclesiasti- cal studies among priests, completion of the cathedral of Ste-Croix, in- troduction of the Roman Liturgy, etc. Still his en- ergy was not ex- hausted. Wherever the interests of religion were at stake, he gave them vigorous support. In the question of the classics he stood for the broader view and entered upon a lively discussion with Louis Veuillot. Profit- ing by his membership in the French Academy, to which he had been elected 8 May, 1854, Dupanloup pre- vented the award of the pris Bodin to Taine's " History of English Literature" and opposed the admission of Littre into that body. The reorganization of " Le Cor- respondant", with Falloux, Foisset, Cochin, and de Broglie at its head, was also largely his work. The Pucelle d'OrUans (Jeanne d'Arc) found in him an ar- dent champion; twice he pronounceil her panegjTic at Orleans, and it was he who introduced in Rome the cause of her beatification and raised the first funds towards a new monument in her honour.

Dupanloup was always held in high esteem by the Irish people. In 1862, on the occasion of one of the periodical Irish famines, he preached a charity sermon in the Cluirch of St-Roch at Paris, which netted the sum of thirty thousand francs. The grateful Irish re- turned this with interest during the Franco-Prussian war when they remitted to the eloquent Bishop of Or- leans the sum of two hundred thousand francs in re- sponse to his appeal for the needs of France. On the occasion of the centenary (1875) of Daniel O'Connell, whom he had always atlmired and often praised pul)- licly, Dujianloup was formally invited by the centen- ary a\itliorities to take part in the celebration. Though too ill at the time to accept the honourable in- vitation, he wrote in reply two letters, memorable for their eloquence, to the Lord-Mayor of Dublin and to Cardinal McCabe, and which were printed in " Le Monde", y and 10 Aug., 1875 (Lagrange, Vie de Du-

Dupanloup