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a small pension on him. He celebrated James's mar- riage to llargaret of England bj' his well-known poem "The Thrissil and the Rois" (The Thistle and the Rose. 1503), sj-mbolizing the amity between the two kingdoms. The poet received gifts in money from the king on this and on other occasions, such as the cele- bration of his first Mass in 1504, but though he often petitioned both the king and queen for a benefice (lim- iting his wishes, as he said, to a small country kirk covered with heather) he never obtained one, and seems always to have lived in poverty. The best known of his other poems were the " Goldj-n Targe", an allegory illustrating the victory of love over reason ; a " Dance" (of the seven deadly sins), a work of much gloomy power; and many other pieces, some humor- ous and disfigured by the coarseness of the time, others of a religious and ascetic tj-pe. A few were printed during his lifetime; and in 1834 an admirable edition of his complete works was published, edited by Dr. David Laing. In 1511 Dunbar is mentioned among Queen Margaret's train on one of her journeys; but nothing is heard of him after 1513, the j'ear of the bat- tle of the Flodden. Laing conjectures that he may have fallen at that fight, but other writers suppose him to have survived until about 1520.

Lung, Works of Dunbar, with biography and notes (Edin- burgh. 1834); supplement (1876).

D. O. Hunter-Blair.

Dunboyne Establishment. See St. Patricks

(College i.Maynoothi.

Dunchadb (Du.nichad, Duncad, Donatus), S.unt, confessor. Abbot of lona; date of b. unknown, d. in 717. He was the son of Ceannfaeladh and grandson of Maelcobha of the house of C'onall Gulban. He is first heard of as Abbot of Killochuir on the coast of S. E. Ulster (perhaps Killough, County Down). There is considerable dispute as to the year in which he liecame Abbot of Hy (Zona). The "Annals of Ulster" first mention him in that capacity under the year 706 (really 707); but Conamhail was abbot from 704 to 710. It may be that St. Dunchadh was coad- jutor to Conamhail (the phrase is principatum tenuit). Or perhaps there was some schism in the monastery over the paschal question, for though St. Dunchadh is said to have ruled from 710 till 717, in 713 the death of "St. Dorbaine Foda, Abbot of la" is recorded by the "Annals of the Four Masters", and the same au- thority relates the appointment of "Faelchu, son of Dorbene" to the abbacy in 714. It was this Faelchu who was certainly abbot from 717 to 724. Both of these, however, may have been really coadjutors to St. Dunchadh, or priors, or even bishops, for there were certainly bishops in lona at that period, and the phrase employed is calhedram Ice obtinuit. However this may be, 'the paschal controversy was settled at Zona by'the adoption of the Roman usage, while St. Dunchadh was abbot. This took place at the instance of St. Egljert, a Northumbrian priest, who had been educated in Ireland. He came to lona in 716, and was at once successful in persuadi ng the community to aban- don the Celtic Easter and tonsure.

Annah of the Four Masters, ed. O'Donovav (Dublin, 1856). I. 307-315; Bede. Hisloria Ecdesiastica. ed. Hussey (Oxford, 1H46). 124-303; Ussher, Britannicarum Ecdesiarum Anliqui- lales (Dublin. 1639). 702.1170; Life of St. Columba. . . by Adamnan, ed. Reeves (Edinburgh. 1874). clxxii. 335; Lasi- r.Kn, Ecclesiastical History of Ireland (.DubVm, 1829). III. 154-7; Gammack in Diet. Christ. Biog. (London. 1877). I. 911.

Leslie A. St. L. Toke.

Dundrennan, Abbey of, in Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland, a Cistercian hou.se founded in 1142 by King David I and Fergus Lord of Galloway for monks brought from Rievaulx in Yorkshire. The name { Dun-nan-droxgheann) means "fort of the thorn- bushes", and the monaster^' commands a fine view of the Solway Firth. Queen "Mary fled to Dundrennan after the battle of Langside and spent her last night in

Scotland there before embarking for England from the neighbouring Port Marj-. In 15S7 the abbey and lands passed to the Crown, and in 1621 it was annexed to the royal chapel at Stirling. For many years the buildings" were used as a quarry for the erection of houses in the vicinity, but in 1S4"2 steps were taken to repair and preserve what was left of them. The cruci- form church had a nave of six bays 130 feet long, and choir 45 feet long, 175 feet in all; and there was a cen- tral tower 200 feet high. The style is transition be- tween Norman and First Pointed. Among the tombs which remain is that of Alan Lord of Galloway (c. 1250), much mutilated, in the east aisle of the north transept, as well as those of several of the abbots and priors. The finest remains architecturally are those of the chapter-house, with its beautiful cinquefoil arched doorway between two windows, and its roof supported by octagonal columns, of which only frag- ments are left. Of the domestic buildings of the ab- bey nothing but a remnant has been preser\-ed. The abbey estate now belongs to the family of Maitland of Dundrennan.

HrxCHiNsON. Memorials of the Abbey of Dundrennan (Exeter, 1857); Maxwelx, Dundrennan Abbey and Its Hiilory (Castle Douglas. 1875). j) Q HunTER-BlaiR.

Dunedin, Diocese of (Dunedinensis), comprises the provincial district of Otago (including the Otago part. Southland, and Stewart Island, as well as other adjacent islands). The diocese contains the most picturesque lake and fiord scenery in New Zealand. Its area is about 24,000 sq. miles, of which some 4000 sq. miles are gold-fields, and 2340 forest. This part of New Zealand was visited (perhaps discovered) by Captain Cookin 1770. Beyond a few traders, there was, however, no white population in the Otago provincial district till 1840, when some families settled on land at Waikouaiti. In 1848 the district was first colonized sj-stematically and on a considerable scale by the Otago Association, under the auspices of the Free Church of Scotland. It was desired to retain the province as a Free Ivirk reserve, and the immigration of Catholics was at first resented. The last barriers of religious exclusiveness were, however, swept away by the rush of population that flowed into the province from all parts of Australasia when, in 1861, rich gold was discovered at Gabriel's Gully and elsewhere. The new conditions thus brought about led to a rapid de- velopment of the mineral, pastoral, agricultural, and forest resources of Otago. All New Zealand formed part of the Vicariate Apostolic of Western Oceania, which was erected in 1835. The first vicar. Dr. Pom- pallier, arrived in the country, with the pioneer (Marist) missionaries, in 1838. All New Zealand re- mained within his spiritual charge till 1S48.

From 1848 till 1869 the territory now comprised in the Diocese of Dunedin was included in the episcopal See of Wellington. In the latter year the Diocese of Dunedin was established. Its first bishop was the Right Rev. Patrick Moran, translated thither from the Cape of Good Hope, 3 December, 1869 ; d. 22 May, 1895. He was succeeded by the Right Rev. Michael Verdon, consecrated 3 May,"lS96. fn 1840 Dr. Pom- pallier, with Fathers Comte and Pezant, visited and instructed the native villagers and a few white Catho- lic whalers at Otakou and Moeraki. Up to 1859, how- ever, there was no Catholic church or school or resi- dent priest in the whole southern province, and only about ninety scattered Catholics, who were periodic- ally \Tsited, on foot, by the saintly Marist, Father Petitjean. Early in the gold-rush of the sixties, another devoted Marist missionary. Father Moreau, was appointed resident priest in Dunedin, with charge of the whole province. He built, at Dunedin the first Catholic church and presbytery in that part of New Zealand. Soon after the arrival of Bishop Moran, in 1871, Father Moreau and a few of his fellow-religious