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DUNBAR

journals and in the transactions of the Academy of Sciences. A list of his papers was published in the "Catalogue of Scientific Papers of Royal Society, London ' '.

M.UNDRON. L'CEuvrc dc Jmn-Baplisle Dumas (1S86); Dic- tionnaire Larousse, s. v.

T. O'CONOR SLOA.NE.

Dumetz, Francisco, date of b. unknown; d. 14 Jan., ISll. He was a native of Mallorca (Majorca), Spain, where he entered the Franciscan Order. In May, 1770, he went to Mexico with forty-eight other Franciscans to join the famous Franciscan missionary college of San Fernando in the City of Mexico. On vohmteeriiig for the Indian missions, he was sent to California in October, 1770. Sailing from San Bias, Ja- lisco, with ten friars in January, 1771, he reached Mon- terey in May and was assigned to Mission San Diego. In May, 1772, he was transferred to Mission San Car- los, and in May, 1782, was appointed for Mission San Buenaventura, where he continued his unostenta- tious labours for the Indians >mtil August, 1797, when he was directed to found Mission San Fernando. Father Dumetz remained there from its founding on 8 Sept. to the end of 1805, except during 1803 and 1804 w'hen apparently he resided at San Gabriel. From January, 1806, to the time of his death. Father Dumetz was stationed at San Gabriel. His remains were buried in the mission church on 15 January. Dumetz was the last of the pioneer friars who did so much for California, where he toiled without inter- ruption for forty yeare.

Paloc, Noticias (San Francisco, 18741. I; Idem. Vida del Fran Junipero Serra (Mexico, 1787). Records of Missions, San Carlos, iSan Buenaventura, San Fernando, San Gabriel ; Engel- HARDT. The Franciscans in California (Harbor Springs. Mich., 1897).

Zephtrin Engelhardt. Dumfries, Diocese of. See Galloway.

Dumont, Hubert-Andre, Belgian geologist, b. at Liege, 15 Feb., 1809; d. in the same city, 28 Feb., 18.57. \\'hen only twenty years old he received the gold medal of the Academy of Brussels for his " Des- cription gcologique de la province de Liege". This memoir marked an important advance in stratigraph- ical geology. In 1835 he won a doctorate in mathe- matical and physical science and in the same year was appointed professor of geology and mineralogy at the University of Liege. He held this position until his death, serving also for a time as rector of the university. His native city has erected a statue in his honour. Dumont was a devout Catholic, and one of his sons entered the Society of Jesus. His principal achieve- ment was his geological map of Belgium, the prepara- tion of which engaged his attention for a number of years. The first edition was issued in 1849. Later and more complete editions followed, the last being " La carte g(^ologique de la Belgique et des contr^es voisines reprf^sentant les terrains qui se trouvent en dessous du limon hesbayen et du sable campinien au 800.000'-'".

Dumont's work, together with that of Gosselet on the palaeozoic rocks of Belgium, served as a foundation for a subsequent research in that region. The former in 1848 had divided the Terrain Ardennais into the Devillicn, Revinien, and Salmien groups, the Terrain Rh(5nan into the Gedinnien, Coblentzien, and Ahrien

groups, and the Terrain Anthraxifere into the Eifelien, ondrusien, anil Houiller groups. This classification, though biised on purely local characteristics, was an excellent one both from a lithological and a strati- graphical point of view. He did not, however, deem it necessary to make any extended comparison be- tween the subdivisions which he had distinguished in Belgium and similar groups in other countries. It was his opinion that the same fauna never extended over the whole earth, so that extreme caution was

necessary in establishing a parallel between widely separated rocks on the basis of fossils contained in them. Besides the works alreadj' mentioned, Du- mont was the author of a number of papers char- acterized by careful observation and great clearness. Among them are: "Notice sur une nouvelle espece de phosphate ferrique" (Bull, de I'Acad. de Belgique, V); "Observations sur la constitution geologique des ter- rains tertiaires de I'Angleterre compares a ceux de la Belgique" (Ibid., XIX); "Memoire sur les terrains triasique et jurassique de la province de Luxem- bourg" (M^m. de I'Acad., XV). "Etude sur les ter- rains ardennais et rhenan de I'Ardenne, du Rhin, du Brabant, et du Condroz" (Ibid., XX-XXII).

Favno, Andre Dumont, sa vie et ses travaux ^Liige, 1858); D'Omalius d'Halloy, Notice sur Andre Dumont (Brussels, 1858); ZlTTEL, History of Geology and Pala-ontology (London, 1901); Kneller, Das Christentum u. die Vertreler der neueren Naturwissenschaft (Freiburg, 1904).

Henry M. Brock.

Dumoulin (or Dumolin; latinized Molin^us), Charles, French jurist, b. at Paris in 1500; d. there 27 December, 1566. He was a descendant of a noble family related to Anne Bolej'n, the mother of Eliza- beth of England. The life of Dumoulin was full of vicissitudes. After taking the degree of Doctor of Law, he first lectured on that subject at Orleans in 1521, and afterwards became an advocate of the Par- lement of Paris (the highest court of France). He soon abandoned this position, devoted himself ex- clusively to the study of law, and gained a great repu- tation by his works on jurisprudence. He liked to call himself the jurisconsult of France and Germany. It is related that he said: " Ego qui nemini cedo nee a nemine doceri possum" (I yield to no one nor is any- one able to teach me). His hatred for the papacy led him into apostasy. In 1542 he embraced Cahinisra, but soon passed over to Lutheranism. His violent at^ tacks on the papacy compelled him to seek refuge in Germany. In 1553 he lectured on law at Tiibingen, and afterwards at Strasburg, Dole, and Besan^on; re- turning to Paris in 1557, he was soon obliged to quit that city and went successively to Orleans and Lyons. From 1564, he resided again in Paris; on his death-bed he abjured his heresy and was reconciled to the Church. The following are his principal works upon civil law; "Commentarii in consuetudines Parisi- enses"; "Extricatio labjTinthi dividui et individui"; "Tractatus de eo quod interest". His chief work on canon law is a critical edition of the " Decree of Gra- tian" with the gloss, accompanied by notes (postillw or nota-) hostile to the pope. Amongst his polemical works may be mentioned : " Commentarius ad eclictum Henrici II, contra parvas datas et abusus curiie Ro- manre ' ' (1552) ; " Conseil sur le fait du Concile de Trente, reception ourejetd'icelui" (1564), which work cau.sed him to be cast into prison; "Consilium super com- modis et incommodis novae sectie Jesuitarum" (edited 1604). His "Opera omnia" were published in three volumes at Paris, in 1612; the best edition, however, is that of Paris, 1681, in five volumes.

Brodeau, Viede Charles Dumoulin (Paris, 1654); Prat, Mal- dmuit el I'universile de Paris au XVI' siicle (Paris, 1856): .•\ube- PIN. L'influence de Dumoulin sur la legislation franfoise in Revue critique de legislation et de jurisprudence, IV, 261 sqq., V. 32 sqq., 305 sqq.; DuviviER, Charles Dumoulin et le comnte de Trente in Belgique Judiciaire, xxiv, 716 sqq.

A. Van Hove.

Dunbar, William, Scottish poet, sometimes styled the "Chaucer of Scotland", born c. 140; died c. 1520( ?). He graduated B. A. at St. Andrews University in 1479. Educated for the Church, according to his own statement he became a Franciscan novice, and as such traversed the whole of England, preached in various towns, and crossed over for a time to Picardy in Fr.ance. About 1490 he returned to Scotland and entered the service of James IV, who employed him on various embassies to Paris and elsewhere, and settled