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178

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BuUetin.vm.350. See also Hard wicKEStote PopCT. (London 177S): CoxE, Memoirs of the Life of TV aZpoje (London, 1<98), r.RfmM Thi Stair Annah (Edinburgh, 1875): Hassall, AZie- Toni and Dubois in Periods of European History (New \ork,

1«°^^-^''--^- J. F. SOLLIER.

Dubois, Jean-Antoine, French missionary in India, b in 1765 at St. Remeze (Ardeche) ; d.in Pans, 17 Feb., 1S48. The Abb6 Dubois was a director of the ^eml- narv of the Foreign Missions, a member of the Royal Societies of Great Britain and Paris, and of the Literary Society of Madras. At the outbreak of the French Revolution he went to India to preach Christianity to the natives, whose favour he soon won by his affability and patience. For their instruction he composed ele- mentary treatises on Christian doctrine which won- general commendation. Though he remained thirty- two years in that arduous field, his labours were all fruitless and he returned convinced that the conver- sion of the Hmdus with the deep-rooted prejudices of centuries was impossible under the existing conditions. This opinion which he broached in " Letters on the State of Christianitv in India" etc. (London, 182.3), was vigorously attacked in England. Two .Anglican ministers, James Hough and H. Townley, published, respectively, "A Reply to the Letters of the Abbe Du- bois" etc. (London, 1S24) and "An .\nswer to the AbbS Dubois" (London, 1824). "The Friend of India" a jom-nal of Calcutta (1825), contained _a refutation of his letters, to which the abb6 rejoined m a letter of much gravity and moderation. It found its way into the "Bulletin des Sciences", May, 1825, and tlie first volume of the ".\siatic Journal" (1841). Besides these letters he wrote: "Description of the Character, Manners and Customs of the People of India and of their Institutions, religious and ci\al (London, ISIG). This work was bought by the East India Company for twenty thousand francs and printed at their expense. The author published an enlarged edition in French under the title "Mceurs, institutions, et ceremonies des peuples de 1 Inde (Paris, 1825, 2 vols.), which is considered the best and most complete work on the subject. " Expose de quelques-uns des principaux articles de la theologie des Bnalmies" (Paris, 1825); "Le Pantcha-tantra ou les cinq ruses, fables du Brahme Vichnou-Sarma (Paris, 1826). Abbe Dubois was one of the collabora- tors of the "Bulletin Umversel des Sciences" of the Baron de F^russac.

Journal Asialigue (1848), I, 466; Bwg. des Conlfrnp.: Journal des Savants (1826); Buttetin Universel d. v ' ; \ 1. V o • IV.no. .51;VoI.V.no. 258; Vol. yl.no. i_ ' 1 Jfs "

aue XXVII 211; Astatic Journal and M ' i?/^"''

I 135-147; (1820). I, 491, 11, 170; (!-'-.:, n. •'"; ' l^-o), 1, 764; Biog. Univ. (Paris, 1852), VIII, 35S.

Edward P. &pill.vne.

first church and ministered to Western Maryland and Virginia. His career as an educator began in 1808, when, joining the Society of St-Sulpice, he withdrew from the Frederick mission and opened a school on the mountain, at Emmitsburg, as a petit scminaire. This he soon discovered impracticable, and, in its place, founded there the present Mt. St. Mary's Col- lege. Father Dubois was also of invaluable assist- ance, material and spiritual, to Jlother Seton, found- ress of the American Sisters of Charity, when she established (1809) a convent of her community a short distance from the college.

On the death of the lit. Rev. John Connolly, second Bishop of New York, 6 Feb., 1825, Father Dubois was chosen his successor and consecrated the third Bishop of New York by Archbishop Marechal in Baltimore, 29 Oct., 1826. Three days later he took pos.session of his diocese, which covered the whole State of New York, and half the State of New Jersey, with a Catho- lic population of about 150,000, eighteen priests, and some twelve churches. A visitation of his diocese re- vealing the pressing need of priests and of a seminary, he went to France and Rome for aid in 1829, and obtained substantial help from the Society for the Prop- agation of the Faith and the Congregation of Propa- ganda. He made three unsuccessful attempts to establish a seminary. Fire destroyed one when just completed at Nyack; another projected on a site chosen in Brookhoi was never begun ; and a third at Lafargeville, in the northern part of the State, was closed because too remote and inaccessible. Another serious problem confronted the bishop in the lay trustee system controlling the churches. On one occasion, when the trustees of the cathedral threat- ened to withhold his salarj-, he made this memorable reply — " I am an old man," and do not need much. I can live in a basement or in a garret. But whether I come up from the basement or down from the garret, I shall still be your Bishop" (see Trusteeism; New Y'ORK, .\rchdiocese of). Enfeebled by age and hard work, he asked for a coadjutor, the diocese having grown to mclude 38 churches, 12 stations, and 40 priests, and the Rev. John Hughes of Philadelphia was appointed titular Bishop of Basilmopoli.s and coad- jutor of New York in 1837. Bishop Dubois's infirmi- ties increasing. Bishop Hughes was made administra- tor in 1839, and the old bishop passed the last days of a life of apostolic zeal in retirement. His body rests m the crypt of St. Patrick's old Cathedral, New \ork.

SHE.t Hislon, of Calholie Church in the Vnited States (New York 1890) III; HERBER.MAXS in V. S. Cath. Hist. Soc.. «!.?- toria^l Records and Studies (New York, 1900), I part II: Smith The Catholic Church in Sew 1 ork (New 1 ork, 190.)-8), I; fTrJe.' Cmsmr,/ of .St. Patricks Cathedral (New York, 1908- McCaffrey. The Jubilee of Mount St. Marys (New 1( ork,

l«^«'- P. J. Hayes.

Dubois, John, third Bishop of New York, educator and missionary, b. in Paris, 24 August, 1764; d._ m New York, 20" December, 1842. His early education was received at home until he was prepared to enter the College Louis-le-Grand, where he had for fellow-stu- dent^Robespierre and Desmoulins. Ordained priest at the Oratorian Seminar.- of St-Magloire, 22 Sept., 178/ by Archbishop de Juign4, of Paris, he was appointed an assistant to the cure of St-Sulpice, and chaplain to the Sisters of Charity (Hospice des Petites Maisons). Forced in May, 179"l, by the French Revolution to leave France "he escaped in disgui.se to America, and landed at Norfolk, Virginia, Aug., 1791, bearing com- mendatorj- letters from the .Marquis de Lafayette t(> James Monroe, the Randolphs, Lees, Beverlys, and Patrick Henry. He was cordially received, residc(l for some tinii; in the house of Mr. Monroe, received instruction in English from Patrick Henry, and eveji celebrated Mass in the State House at Richmond. Bishop Carroll assigned the young priest to missionary work, first at Norfolk, and later at Richmoncl. In 1794 he became pastor of Frederick where he built the

Dubourg, LoDis-GniLLAUME-VALENTiN, second Bishop of Louisiana and the Floridas, Bishop of Mon- tauban. Archbishop of Besan?on, b. at Cap Francois, Santo Domingo, 16 Februarj', 1766; d. at Besan(on, France, 12 December, 1833. His theological stu(iies were made at Paris, where he was ordained in 1788 and entered the Company of Saint Sulpice. He was superior of the seminary of Issy when the Freiich Revolution broke out, and retired at first to Bor- deaux. In 1794 he emigrated to the United States where he was welcomed by Bishop Carroll. He was president of Georgetown College from 1796 to 1799. Alter an unsuccessful trip to Havana where he at- tempted to open a school, he returned to Baltimore and became the first superior of Saint Marj''s College. On 18 .\ugust, 1812, he was appointed .\postolic .Ad- ministrator of the Diocese of Louisiana and the Flori- das to succeed Bishop Penalver y Cardenas promoted (1801) to the archiepiscopal See of Guatemala. The position was bv no means an easy one and Father Du- bourg was forced, at the beginning of his administra-