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 DRUSIPARA

166

DRX7ZES

suade a Jewess, who had shown attachment to her religion, to be divorced from her husband and marry a pagan, the unscrupulous governor had recourse to the arts of a Jewish magician from Cyprus whose name, according to some MSS. of Josephus, was Atomos, ac- cording to others, Simon. The ill-advised Drusilla was persuaded to accede to the solicitations of Felix. She was about t%venty-two years of age when she appeared at the side of the latter, during St. Paul's captivity at Civsarea (Acts, xxiv, 24-25). Like her husband, she must have listened with terror as the Apostle "treated of justice, and chastity and of the judgment to come ". It is said that during the reign of Titus a son of Felix and Drusilla perished together with his wife in the eruption of Vesuvius. But there is no information about the life of Drusilla herself after the scene described in Acts.

Josephus. Aniiq. Jud. in Fl. Josephi Opera, eA. Niese (Ber- lin, 1S87-1895), XIX, ix, 1-2; vii. 1-2; Schurer, Gesch. ties jlidischen Volkes (LeipF.ig. 1901). I, 555, 557, 56-!. 573, 577; IjEnRLiERin ViG., Diet, de la Bible, s. v. Dmsille.

W. S. Reilly.

Drusipara, a titular see in Thracia Prima. Noth- ing is known of the ancient history of this town, which, according to Ptolemy, III, 11, 7, and Itiner. Anton., was situated on the route from Adrianople to Byzan- tium. Under Maximian, St. Alexander suffered martjTdom there (Acta Sanct., May, III, 15). In the time of Emperor Mauritius the city was captured by the Khakan of the Avars, who burned the church and destroyed the relics of the martyr (Theophyl. Simo- catta, VII, 14, 15). Drusipara was at first an epis- copal see, suffragan of Heraclia (Lequien, Or. Christ., I, 1131, etc.); in the eighth and ninth centuries it be- came an independent archbishopric, which must have been suppressed during the Bulgarian invasions. In two "Notitia; Episcopatuum " Mesene appears as a later name for Drusipara; at Mesene in 1453 died the wife of the famous Grand Duke Notaras (Ducas, Hist. Byz., 42). Mesene is to-day a little village, with 500 inhabitants, east of Karishtiran in the vilayet of Adri- anople.

S. PETRioiis.

Druys (Lat. Drusius), Jean, thirtieth Abbot of Pare near Louvain, Belgium, b. at Cumptich, near Tirlemont; d. 25 March, 1635. He studied succes- sively at St-Trond, Liege, Namur, and Louvain, and entered the Norbertine Abbey of Pare in 15S7. Or- dained priest, he was sent to the Norbertine College at Louvain and obtained his licentiate in 1595. Re- called to the abbey, he was made sub-prior and pro- fessor of theology to the young religious at the abbey, chaplain to .\bbot Ambrose Loots at the Refuge, ■which the abbey possessed at Brussels during the troublous times at the end of the sixteenth century, and at the death of Abbot Loots his successor. Four years later he was appointed vicar-general to the Abbot-General of Pr6montr#, and was later named by Archduke Albert a member of the States of Brabant and of his private council. The University of Lou- vain having suffered much from the religious and political disturbances of the time, Druys was ap- pointed, with a layman, visitor to the university, with full power to reform abuses, a task which was not completed until 1617. He was also made visitor to the University of Douai (1616) and to the Celcstine monastery at Hgverl^. In addition he restored and enlarged his own abbey, which had suffered much from the vandalism of the soldiers, and provided bet- ter educational advantages for his religious. At the general chapter held at Prdmontre in 1628, Abbot Druys was commissioned to revise the statutes of the order and conform them to the prescriptions of the Council of Trent, a revision which was approved at the general chapter of 1630. Druys prefixed a pre-; face, "Prafatio ad omnes candidissimi et canonici

ordinis religiosos", which Foppens characterizes as longani, piatn, eruditam. He had a tree of the saints of the order made by the skilful engraver, C. Mallery. He also published a small work entitled " Exhortatio ad candidi ordinis religiosos". Abbot Druys was deputed by the general chapter of 1630 to bring back several abbeys of Spain into union and observance, but was unsuccessful. While on this mission he con- ferred with Phillip IV on the sad state of affairs in Brabant. A ring presented to him by this monarch is preserved at Pare, as is also a letter from Henrietta Maria, Queen of England.

Annates Pramonl. Parcum.. II, 4S6; Bibl. Norberl., 3, 4. 5 (1904); GoovAERTs, Diet, bio-bibl. de I'ordre Premont. (Brus- sels), I, 206.

Martin Geddens.

Druzbicki, Gaspar, ascetic writer, b. at Sierady in Poland, 1589; entered the Society of Jesus, 20 August, 1609; d. at Posen, 2 April, 1662. After some years of teaching lie became master of novices, and subse- quently rector of the colleges of Kalisz, Ostrog, and Posen. He was twice provincial and was in the sev- enth and tenth general congregations of the order. Almost all his works are posthumous and have been drawn from his " Opera Ascetica". It has been found impossible to arrange them in clironological order. Among them are a brief defence of the Society against a writer in the Cracow Academy (1632) ; books of medi- tations on the Life and Passion of Christ, some in Polish, some in Latin; "The Tribunal of Conscience", translated into English for the "Quarterly Series", edited by the English Jesuits (London, 1885); and "Provisiones Senectutis" (Ingolstadt, 1732). There are also " Considerations for Every Sunday and Feast of the Year" (Kalisz, 1679); "The Sacred Heart, the Goal of Hearts" (Angers, 1885), translated for the English "Messenger", probably by Father Dignam (1890); "Exercises for Novices" (Prague, 1S90); "The Religious Vows" (Posen, 1690), translated into Spanish and found in the Library of Guadalajara, Mex- ico; "Solid Jesuit Virtue" (Prague, 1696); "Lapis Lydius" (Mainz, 1875), translated into French by the Redemptorist Father Ratti (Paris, 1886) and into German by the Benedictine Giitrabher (Salzburg, 1740). A complete list of Druzbicki's works occupies twelve columns in Sommervogel.

De Backer. Bibl. de la c. de J.. I, 16.59-64, III, 2149; Som- mervogel, Bibl. de la c. de J., Ill, 212.

T. J. Campbell.

Druzes, a small Mohammedan sect in Syria, no- torious for their opposition to the Maronites, a Cath- olic people dwelling on the slopes of the Lebanon. Their name is derived as a plural from Dorazy, the proper name of a Persian at the court of El Hakim in Egypt (about a.d. 1015). They subsequently repudi- ated all connexion with this Mohammed Ibn Ism;iil el- Dorazy, and styled themselves Unitarians or Muwah- hedin, on account of the emphasis they lay on the unity of God. Their history begins with the arrival of Dorazy in the Wady el-Teim after his flight from Egpyt. This Persian had had the audacity to read to a large multitude gathered in a mosciue a book tending to prove that El Hakim, the mad Fatimite caliph, was an incarnation of God. Escaping from the crowd, who were enraged at this blasphemy, he fled to the val- ley between Hermon and the Southern Lebanon, and with the support of his master preached his doctrine to these moimtaineers, already given to Batenite doc- trines and therefore predisposed to accept a further incarnation of the Deity. He was soon sviperseded by another Persian, Hamzeh Ibn .Vhined Kl Hady, who became the real founder of the sect and the autlior of its sacred books. After the assassination of El Ha- kim, Hamzeh wrote a treatise to prove that El Hakim had not really died but only disappeared to test the faitli of his followers. This disappearance and ulti-