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134

DORIA

89; Addinqton, Hist, of Dorchester, 64, 137; Lincoln, Episc. Regisl. Mem., 48.

D. O. Hunter-Blair.

Dore (AuRATtis), Pierre, controversialist, b. at Orleans about 1500; d. at Paris, 19 May, 1559. He entered the Dominican Order in 1514 and won his de- grees at Paris, in 1532, after a briUiant examination. Though elected to the office of prior at Blois in 1545, Dore continued to preach throughout the provinces. At Chalons the bishop, who had been captivated by his zeal and eloquence, entrusted him with the reform of the Carthusian monastery of Val des Choux (Vallis Caulium). For the same reasons, Claude de Lorraine, Duke of Guise, and his consort, Antoinette de Bour- bon, chose him as confessor. He wrote thirty-five ascetico-theological works, which some think are only redactions of his sermons. Chief among these is "Les voies du Paradis enseign^es par notre Sauveur Jesus-Christ en son ^vangile ", which appeared twice at Lyons in 15.3S (Paris, 1540; Lyons, 1586; Rome, 1610). In his "Paradoxa ad profligandas hsereses ex di\'i Pauli epistolis selecta", he refuted the Hugue- nots, but soon turned to writing ascetical commen- taries on the Psalms. When Henry II entered Paris in 1548, Dore wrote a Latin ode which won for him the post of court preacher and royal confessor. His famous defence of the Eucharist appeared in 1549, and two years later he published two other apologies on the same subject and another on the Mass. At the same time he prepared his defence of the Faith in three volumes, as also another refutation of the Calvinists. He closed his literary career with two works on Justi- fication.

Though Dore used the vernacular very loosely, and indulged in far-fetched descriptions, which Rabelais (Pantagruel, ch. xxii) ridicules, his works have always been held in high esteem for originality and unassailable orthodoxy. His literal translations of the Eucharistic hymns of St. Thomas Aquinas, his Latin poems, and the Office for a Feast of St. Joseph, which he composed at the command of Paul III, have always been greatly admired.

EciiARD AND QuETiF, SS. O. P., II. 203; F£ret, La Faculte de theologie de Paris et ses docteurs les plus ceUbres, Epoque mo- deme, II, 271-288; Foppens, Bibliotheca Belgica, II, 975; Revue Benedictine, XV, 147.

Thos. M. Schwertner.

Doria, Andre.*., Genoese admiral and statesman, b. at Oneglia, Italy, 1468; d. at Genoa, 1560. His family belonged to the magna; quatuor prosapia; who disputed among themselves for the supremacy in Genoa, but the Adorni and Fregosi of the opposing faction excluded the Doria from power. At first Genoa sought union with France; then, in 1464, Louis XI ceded it to the Duke of Milan. Doria's early years were trying ones; his father died young, and his mother placed him under the guardianship of a relation who was captain of the guard to Pope Innocent VIII. Thus began the active, adventurous career that was destined to make Andrea Doria one of the most important personages of Europe in the sixteenth century.

Like many Italians of his day, Doria was at first a conildtliere. He commenced by serving (1487-1492) in the guards of Innocent VIII, then in the Neapolitan anny of Alfonso of Aragon, to whom he alone re- mained faithful after the conquest of Naples by Charles VIII (1495). He next joined the Order of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem and made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land; after this he entered the service of Jean de La Rov^re, leader of the French troops of the Kingdom of Naples, and had as his op- ponent Gonsalvo de Cordova, the most renowned general of the time. In 1503 Doria was able to re-enter Genoa, where order had been restored by Louis XII, and set out to subdue the Corsicans, then in revolt. On his return the Genoese entrusted him

with the reorganization of their fleet. Doria now abandoned land service for that of the sea and, arm- ing eight galleys at his own expense, constituted himself an independent naval power. During the years 1507 to 1519 he traversed the Western Jledi- terranean with his fleet, and, having overpowered the Barbary Corsairs and captured several of their chiefs, among them the famous Cadolin, returned to Genoa laden with booty.

On account of the civil discords in Genoa, Doria withdrew with twelve corsair galleys that he had seized, the crews of which would now acknowledge no other chief, and entered the service of Francis I, who appointed him "governor- general of the • galleys of France". In 1524 he raised the blockade of Marseilles, then be- sieged by Charles V, and, after the battle of Pavia, gathered together the remnants of the French army (1525). He then became comman- der of the galleys of Clement VII; in

1527 re-entered the service of France and compelled Genoa to acknowl- edge the authority of Francis I. But in

1528 he quarrelled

Andrea Doria

Sebastiano del Piombo,

Doria Palace, Rome

with the King of France, who did not pay him faith- fully. Recalling Filippo Doria, his nephew, who was besieging Naples with his uncle's fleet, Andrea agreed to enter the service of Charles V, and began to re-establish order in Genoa, where he was re- ceived with enthusiasm (12 September, 1528). Af- ter breaking up the ancient noble clans, he set up a new social division and an aristocratic constitution which continued in force, with but few modifications, until 1798. Absolute head of the naval forces of the house of Austria, he directed the maritime struggle against the Turks and the Barbarj- pirates; in 1532, just when Solyman threatened Himgary, Doria landed on the coast of Greece, took Coron and Patras, and even meditated an attack on Constantinople. In 1535 he co-operated in the siege of Tunis; in 1536 as head of the united squadron, made up of the ships of the pope, Venice, and the Knights of Malta, he surprised the famous Barbarossa in the Gulf of Arta and then allowed him to escape. Loaded with honours by Charles V, Doria retired to the territory of Genoa and lived in the beautiful palace he had built at Fassolo, where he dispensed royal hospitality to Charles V and Philip II. He was greatly revered by his fellow-citizens, yet, in 1547, he suppressed with much cruelty the conspiracy formed by some discontented nobles, the Fieschi and the Cibo. Doria's tomb, decorated by Montorsoli, is in the church of San Matteo, but his colossal statue, which was erected in 1540, was overthrown and broken in 1797.

PoHLEH. Bibliotheca historica militaris (Leipzig. 18991. IV. 269; Capelloni, Vila c gesli del principe Doria (Venice, 1566. — The author lived between 1510 and 1590 and was one of Doria's prot^g^s); SiGONio, De Viiil et gcstis Andrea; Doriec . . . (Genoa, 1586); Brant6me, Les vies des grands capitaines cstran^jers (edit, of the Soc. Hist, de France). II. 29-43; Giovio, Historia- riim . . . lib. XLV (Florence, 1550); Olivieri, Monete, medaglie e sigilli dei principi Doria (Genoa. 1859); Guerrazzi. Vita di .Andrea Doria (Milan, 1874); Jurien de la GRA^^KRE, Andrea Doria (Paris, 1895); de Foville, Gfne.'s. p. 62: L'art au temps dWndrc Doria in Les villes d'art c^li-bres (Paris, 1907).

Louis Brehier.