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DONNER

Colonel Walter, Lord Dongan, was killed at the battle of the Boyne, Dongan became Earl of Limerick. In 1702 he was recognized as successor to his brother's estates, but only on payment of claims of the pur- chasers from the Earl of Athlone. Dongan died poor and without direct heirs. By will, dated 1713, he provided that he be buried at an expense of not over £100, and left the residue of his estate to his niece, wife of Colonel Nugent, afterwards Marshal of France. The tribute of history to his personal charm, his integrity, and character, is outspoken and universal. His public papers give evidence of a keen mind and a sense of humour. He was a man of cour- age, tact, and capacity, an able diplomat, and a states- man of prudence and remarkable foresight. In spite of the brief term of five years as Governor of New York Province, by virtue of the magnitude, of the enduring and far-reaching character of his achievements, he stands forth as one of the greatest constructive states- men ever sent out by England for the government of any of her American colonial possessions.

Colonial Laws of .\cw York Slate (.\lbany, 1894); New York Colonial Documents. Ill, London Documents (Albany, 1853); IX, Paris Documents (Albany, 1856); O'Callaghan, Docu- mentary History of New York, 4 Vol. ed. (Albany, 1850). I, III; Ecclesiastical Records of New York (Albany), II, p. 877; Smith, History of New York (London, 1776); Brodhead, His- tory of Stale of New York (New York, 1859), II; Great Britain's Calendar of State Papers, 1681-85; Colden, History of the Five Nations (3d ed., London, 1775), I; (3hai.mer, Revolt of the Colonies (Boston, 1845); Lamb, History of City of New Y'ork (New York. 1877); Wilson. Memorial History of New York (New York, 1892); Windsor, Narrative and Critical History of America (Boston, 1884), II; Doyle, The Middle Colonies (Lon- don, 1907); Danaher, Thomas Dongan, Second Earl of Limer- ick (Albany, 1889); Osgood, The American Colonies in the XVII Century (London, 1907). Ill; Bruce, The Empire State in Three Centuries (New York), I; Driscoll, The Charter of Liberties and the New York Assembly of lOSS, in U. S. Catholic Historical Society, Records and Studies (New York, 1906), IV; Dealy in Mag. of Am. Hist. (Feb.. 1882), p. 106; Clarke in Catholic World, IX, 767; Journal of Co. Kildare Archceological Society, IV, No. 5.

John T. Driscoll.

Donlevy, Andrew, educator, b. in 1694, probably in Sligo, Ireland; date and place of death uncertain. Little is known about his early life. With the penal laws then rigorously enforced it was difficult to obtain an education at home; and when he went abroad to study for the priesthood he must have gone in dis- guise, going abroad for any such purpose being a crime. However, he reached Paris in 1710 and be- came a student at the Irish ('ollege. His clerical course finished, he was ordained priest, and in 1728 was appointed prefect in the college, an office he held till 1746. He had also attended lectures at the uni- versity, graduating both in theology and law. While holding the office of prefect, he drew up a new code of rules for the government of the college, placing it under the control of the Archbishop of Paris and sub- ject to the university. He also published in 1742 an Irish-English catechism of the Christian Doctrine, an edition of which appeared in Dublin in 1848.

Webb. Compendium of Irish Biography (Dublin. 1878); O'Reilly, /ria/i Writers (Dublin, 1820); Boyle, The Irish College in Paris (London and Dublin, 1901).

E. A. D'Alton.

Donnan, Saint. — There were apparently three or four saints of this name who flourished about the seventh century.

(1) St. Donnan, Abbot of Eigg, and St. Donnan OF AucHTEKLESS are regarded by both the BoUandists and Dempster as different personages, but there is so much confusion in their chronology and repetition in what is known of them, that it seems more probable that they were identical. Reeves (Adamnan's Life of St. Columba), moreover, accepts them as the same without discussion. According to Irish annals St. Donnan was a friend and disciple of St. Columba, who followed him from Ireland to Scotland towards the end of the sixth century. Seeking a solitary retreat,

he and his companions settled on the island of Eigg, off the west coast of Scotland, then used only to pas- ture sheep belonging to the queen of the country. Informed of this invasion, the queen ordered that all should forthwith be slain. Her agents, probably a marauding band of Picts, or pirates according to one account, arrived during the celebration of Mass on Easter eve. Being requested to wait until the Sacri- fice was concluded, they did so, and then St. Donnan and his fifty-one companions gave themselves up to the sword. This was in 617. Reeves mentions eleven churches dedicated to St. Donnan ; in that at Auchterless his pastoral staff was preser\'ed up to the Reformation and is said to have worked miracles. The island of Eigg was still Catholic in 1703 and St. Donnan's memory venerated there (Martin, Journey to the Western Islands, London, 1716).

(2) Son of Liath, and nephew and disciple of St. Senan, in whose life it is related that by his uncle's direction he restored to life two boys who had been drowned. This St. Donnan succeeded St. Ciaran of Clonmacnoise as Abbot of Aingin, an island in Lough Ree, on the Shannon (now Hare Island). He flour- ished about the middle of the si.xth century.

(3) St. Donnan the Deacon, son of Beoadh and brother of St. Ciaran. He was a monk in his broth- er's monastery at Cluain, or Clonmacnoise, in Ireland, in the sixth century.

Dempster, Hist. Eccl. Gent. Scot. (Edinburgh, 1829); Reeves, Adamnan's Life of St. Columba (Edinburgh, 1874); Forbes, Kal. Scott. Saints (Edinburgh, 1872); Gammack in Diet. Christ. Biog. (London, 1877).

G. Cyprian Alston.

Donner, Georg Raphael, Austrian sculptor, b. at Essling, Austria, 25 May, 1692; d. at Vienna, 15 Feb- ruary, 1741. It is said his fancy was first kindled by the works of art at Heiligenkreuz. He received his technical training in the Academy at Vienna; in 1724 he entered the unperial service, and in 1729 passed to that of Prince Esterhazy. Donner's work stands out with prominence in a period given over to manner- ism, but he is sometimes more mindful of elegance than of character in his subject. He had a true sense of the beautiful, was lifelike and noble in his concep- tions, and represents for South Germany and Austria a classic reaction against rococo methods. Among his productions are the marble statue of Charles VI and two bronze reliefs in the Belvedere at Vienna, the fountain for the old Town Hall, Vienna, repre- senting " Andromeda and Perseus ", the marble reliefs of " Hagar"and the "Samaritan Woman", and many busts and statues in different palaces and gardens. In Pressburg he made the equestrian statue of St. Martin, and the decorations for the burial chapel of the Primate Emmerich Esterhazy. Youthful pro- ductions (1726) are the marble figures at Mirabell Castle, Salzburg. Donner is best known to-day by his famous fountain (17.38-1739) of the Neuen Markt, Vienna; "Providence" or "Foresight ", a classic female figure, forms the apex, while lower down four sporting children, each holding a water-spouting fish, embody the four rivers of Austria proper that flow into the Danube. Donner's two brothers, Sebastian and Matthaus, are generally numbered among his scholars. Sebastian was a talented sculptor, and produced various works, mostly in lead.

Donner, MatthXus, brother of the above, also a sculptor, b. 1704; d. 1756. He is known chiefly for his relief carvings and medals. He was appointed court-medallist, professor, and later rector of the Academy, and was employed by various princes. Among his medals may be mentioned one of Charles Albert of Bavaria, 1727, and various ones represent- ing Maria Theresa. His medals are signed D. or M. D.

Libke. Outlines of Ihe History of Art, ed. Stcrgis (New York, 1904); Marquand and Frothingham, History of Sculpture