Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 5.djvu/147

 DOMITILLA DONATELLO Adv. Hieres., V, xxx). Rome, "the great Babylon", " was drunk with the blood of the saints and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus" (Apoc, xvii, 5, 6; ii, 10, 13; vi, 11; xiii, 15; xx, 4). It would seem that participation in the feasts held in honour of the divin- ity of the tyrant was made the test for the Christians of the East. Those who did not adore the " image of the beast" were slain. The writer joins to his sharp denunciation of the persecutors' words of encourage- ment for the faithful by foretelling the downfall of the great harlot " who made drunk the earth with the wine of her whoredom ", and steeped her robe in their blood. St. Clement's Epistle to the Corinthians was also written about this time; here, while the terrible trials of the Christians are spoken of, we do not find the same denunciations of the persecutors. The Ro- man Church continued loyal to the empire, and sent up its prayers to God that He would direct the rulers and magistrates in the e.xercise of the power committed to their hands (Clem., Ep. ad Cor., c. Ixi ; cf. St. Paul, Rom., xiii, 1; I Pet., ii, 13). Before the end of his reign Domitian ceased to persecute. (See Persecu- tions.) Edsebius,//.^., Ill, xvii sqq. in P. G., XX; Ihen.i;cs, Adv. Htereses, V in P. G.. VII; Allard, Hist, des Persecutions pendant les deux premiers siicles (Paris, 1S92); Ten Lectures on the Mar- tt/rs (tr. London, 1907); Le Christianisme et I'Empire Remain (Paris, 1898). T. B. SCANNELL. Domitilla, Catacombs of S.-unt. See Cemetery. Domitiopolis, a titular see of Isauria in Asia Minor. The former name of this city is unknown; it was called Domitiopolis or Doraetioupolis after L. Domi- tius Ahenobarbus (Ramsay, in Revue numismatique, 1894, 1G8 sqq.). Ptolemy (V, vii, 5) places it in Cilicia; according to Constantine Porphyrogenitus (De themat., I, 15) it was one of the ten cities of the Isaurian Decapolis (cf. Georgius Cyprius, ed. Gelzer, 852). It figures in Parthey's "Notitise episcopatuum ", I and III, and in Gelzer's "Nova Tactica", 1618, as a suffragan of Seleucia. Lequien (Oriens christ., II, 1023) mentions five bishops, from 451 to 879. Dom- itiopolis is to-day Dindebol, a village on the Ermenek Su, in the vilayet of Adana (cf. Sterrett, in Papers of the American School, Athens, III, 80). S. Petrides. Domnus, Pope. See Dontts. Domnus Apostolicus (Dominus Apostolicus), a title applied to the pope, which w.as in most frequent use between the sixth antl the eleventh centuries. The pope is styled Apostolic because he occupies an Apos- tolic see, that is, one founded by an Apostle, as were those of Ephesus, Philippi, Corinth, etc. (cf. Tertullian, De prescript., xxxvi). Rome being the only Apostolic Church of the West, Series apostoHca meant simply the Roman See, and Domnus Apostolicus the Bishop of Rome. In Gaul, however, as early as the fifth century the expression sedes apostoHca was applied to any epis- copal see, bishops being successors of the Apostles (cf. Sidonius Apollinaris, Epp., lib. VI, i, etc.). By the sixth centurv the term was in general use, and many letters from the Merovingian kings are addressed Dom- nis Sanctis et apostolicd sede dignissimis. Thus the bishops of Gaul were given the title of Domnus Apos- tolicus (cf. Venantius Fortunatus, "Vita S. Mart.", IV; " Formula; Marculfi", II, xxxix, xliii, xlix). Many examples are also found in wills and deeds (e. g. P. L., LXXX, 12S1, 1314, etc.), and one occurs in a letter of introduction given by Charlemagne to St. Boniface (Epp. Bonifac, xi). However, in the Acts of Charle- magne and of the councils held during his time, even outside the Frankish Empire, as in Englaid, the term Domnus Apostolicus, in its exact usage, me.ant simply the pope. Perhaps the only example of it found m Greek authors is in the .second letter ^of Theodore the Studite to Leo III, Kvplif iirotrToXiKf. Long be- fore this, however, the word Apostolicus alone had been employed to designate the pope. Probably the earliest example is in the list of popes compiled at the time of Pope Vigilius (d. 555), which begins " Incipiunt nominaApostolicorum"(P.L.,LXXVIII, 1405). The expression recurs frequently in documents of the Car- lovingian kings, as well as in Anglo-Saxon writings. Claude of Turin gives a curious explanation — .Xpostoli custos. At the Council of Reims held in 1049 the Bishop of Compostela was excommunicated "quia contra fas sibi vendicaret culmen apostolici nominis" (because he wrongly claimed for himself the prestige of an Apostolic name), thinking himself the successor of St. James the Greater, and it was thereupon laid down "quod solus Romanus Pontifex universalis Ecclesia* Primas e.sset et Apostolicus" (that only the pontiff of the Roman See was primate of the universal Church and Apostolicus). To-day the title is found only in the Litany of the Saints. There are also the expres- sions apostolicatus (pontificate) and the ablative abso- lute apostolicante (during the pontificate of). It is to be noted that in ecclesiastical usage the abbreviated form domnus signifies a human ruler as against Domi- nus, the Divine Lord. Thus at meals monastic grace was asked from the superior in the phrase Jube Domne benedicere, i. e.: " Be pleased sir to give the blessing." Dn Cange. Gloss, med. et infim. Lai., ed. Favue (Paris- Niort, 1833-88), s. v. U. BeniGNI. Donahoe, Patrick, publisher, b. at Munnery, County Cavan, Ireland, 17 March, 1811; d. at Boston, U. S. A., 18 March, 1901. He emigrated to Boston when ten years of age with his parents, and at foiu-- teen was apprenticed to a printer. He worked on "The Jesuit" when that paper was started by Bishop Fenwick in 1832, and after the bishop relinquished its ownership, he carried it on for some time with H. L. Devereaux under the new title of " The Literary and Catholic Sentinel ' '. In 183G he began the publication of " The Pilot ' ', a weekly paper devoted to Irish Amer- ican and Catholic interests, which in succeeding years became the organ of Catholic opinion in New England, and had a wide circulation all over the United States. He established in connexion with it a publishing and book-selling house from which were issued a large number of Catholic books. Later he organized a bank. All his ventures proved successful and the wealth he acquired was generously given to advance Catholic interests. The great Boston fire of 1872 des- troyed his publishing plant. Another fire in the fol- lowing year and injudicious loans to friends made him lose so much more that his bank failed in 1S7G. Arch- bishop Williams purchased " The Pilot" to help to pay the depositors of the bank, and Mr. Donahoe then started a monthly " Donahoe 's Magazine" and an ex- change and passenger agency. In 1881 he was able to buy back "The Pilot" and devoted his remaining years to its management. Diu-ing the Civil War he actively interested himself in the organization of the Irish regiments that volunteered from New England. In 1893 the University of Notre Dame gave him the Lffitare Medal for signal services to American Catholic progress. Pilot (Boston), 23 March, 1901 and files; Leahy, Hist. Cath. Ch. in New England Slates (Boston. 1899), I. Thomas F. Meehan. Donahue, Patrick James. See Wheeling. Donatello (Donato di Nicolo di Betto Bardi), one of the great Tuscan sculptors of the Renaissance, b. at Florence, c. 1386; d. there, 13 Dec, 1466. He was the son of Nicolo di Betto Bardi, and was early apprenticed to a goldsmith to learn design. At the age of seventeen he accompanied his friend Brunel- lesco to Rome, and the two youths devotetl themselves to drawing and to making excavations in their pursuit of the antique. Half the week they spent chiselling