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make it (foresliadowed by DoUinger in 1849), corre- sponded now with the wishes of the apostate Catho- lics, henceforth governed absolutely by the canonist von Schulte (see Old Catholics). The first as- sembly of these opponents of the Vatican Council was held at Munich, 22-24 Sept., 1871. On the sugges- tion of von Schulte, and despite the opposition and warnings of Dollinger, it was decided to establish the "Old Catholic Church". Thenceforth Dollinger fol- lowetl a policy of vacillation, avoiding on the one hand any formal relationship to the new Church, on the other helpful to it by counsel and deeds; at one time disapproving positively important decisions of the sect, and again placing at its disposal all his influence and prestige. The new "Church" lacked distinction and was personally very distasteful to him; in public, however, though with measured reserve, he defended it. Henceforth formally excommunicated from the Catholic Church, he recognized the validity and legal- ity of that act; at the same time he held it beneath his dignity to submit to the jurisdiction of Bishop Rein- kens, for whom the Old Catholics had obtained conse- cration from the Jansenists in Holland. He stood, therefore, between the two camps, and looked on it as almost a calumny that the most insignificant members of the new sect considered him, more or less, an inti- mate adherent and a sharer of their trials.

The ne.xt seven years he spent in pacif j-ing his con- science, or, in his own words, in a process of internal criticism; until 1887 he did nothing of importance, apart from a few essays, his academic discourses, and the work " Ungedruckte Berichte und Tagebiicher zur Geschichte des Konzils von Trient", unedited reports and diaries useful for a history of the Council of Trent (1S76). In 1887 he edited, with Reusch, the auto- biography of Bellarmine up to 13 June, 161.3, in Ger- man; with Reusch also he published (1889-90) in two volumes " Geschichte der Jloralstreitigkeiten in der romisch-katholischen Ivirche seit dem sechszehnten Jalirhundert, mit Beitragen zur Geschichte und Car- akteristik des Jesuitenordens", or a history of the moral-theological discussions in the Roman Catholic Church since the sixteenth century, including studies on the history and characteristics of the Jesuit Order. About the same time he published in two volumes his "Beitriige zur Sektengeschichte des Mittelalters"; after his death appeared (1891) the third volume of his "Akademische Vortrage", or academic di-scourses.

He retained to the end a remarkable physical and mental strength. Though his latest writings met with a kindly reception in scientific circles, they were not considered as superior in merit, either from the view- point of scientific criticism or as historical narrative. Seldom has it been so clearly proven that whenever a man turns completely from a glorious and honouraljle past, however stormy, his fate is irrevocably sealed.

Vox KoBELL, Ignaz von DnUinger, Erinnerungen (Munich. 1891); Trnt^nmcH. Ignaz von DuUinger. Scin Lebcn auf Gnmd seines schrifllichen Nachlasses (Munich, 1S99-1901); cf. Allgc- meine deutsche Biographie (Leipzig. 1904), LXVIII, whence the above-quoted excerpts from Dollinger; Michael, Ignaz von DoUinger, eine Charakleristik (Innshrucli, 1894); Zeilschrift ftir Kirchengesch. (C.oth.i. 1903), XXIV; Rcme du Clerge franfiiis (1903!, XXXVI: Kirchliches Handlex. (Munich. 1907), s. v.; Marshall. Di 'I linger and the Old Catholics in Am. Cath Quart, Review (Philarlelphia, 1890). 267 isqq., also files of the London Tablet and Dublin Review (1870-1871).

Paul Mahia Baumgabten.

Dolman, Ch.\rles, publisher and bookseller, b. at Monmouth, England, 20 Sept., 1807; d. in Paris, .'51 December, 1863. He was the only son of Charles Dol- man, a svirgeon of Monmouth, and Mary Frances his wife, daughter of Thomas Booker, a Catholic publisher in London. Educated at ,St. Gregory's, the Benedic- tine college at Downside, near Bath, he later, while residing at Preston, Lancashire, studied architecture vmder Jn.seph \. Hansom, intending to follow that profession, but abandoned the idea on being invited by the Bookers, publishers and booksellers, into which

family his father had married, to go to London. When Joseph Booker died in 1837, he was induced to carry on the business with his aunt, Mary Booker, and his cousin, Thomas Booker. In 1840 the name of the firm was changed to Booker & Dolman and finally the busi- ness was continued in his name only. His career as a publisher of periodical literature began when in 1838 he brought out a new series of "The Catholic Maga- zine", which up to that time had been known as "The Edinburgh Catholic Magazine" in contradis- tinction to "The Catholic Magazine", a much older publication which had gone out of existence in 1835. Dolman's publication was discontinued in June, 1844, but his name had become so widely known that in March, 1845, he brought out a new periodical called " Dolman's Magazine and Monthly Miscellany of Criti- cism". This was at first under the sole management of its publisher, but later the Rev. Edward Price suc- ceeded him. Like the others it was short-lived and in 1849 it was merged with "The Catholic Weekly and Monthly Orthodox" under the title of "The Weekly Register". It first appeared under the new name, 4 August, 1849, published by Thomas Booker. From this time on Dolman abandoned the publication of periodicals and devoted himself solely to works that had never before been brought out by the Catholic press. His many efforts to raise the standard of the Catholic press ended in failure. Disheartened by his ill-success and broken down in health, he retired to Paris, where he died. He was survived b}' his wife and an only son, the Yen,' Rev. Charles Vincent Dolman, of Hereford, canon of Newport.

GiLLow, Bibl. Diet. Eng. Cath.. s. v.; Kent in Diet, of NaU Biog., s.v.

Thom.\s G.iffnet Taafpe.

Dolores Mission (or Mission San Francisco de Asis DE LOS Dolores), in point of time the sixth in the chain of twenty-one California Indian Missions; formally opened 9 Oct., 1776. The date intended for the celebration was 4 Oct., the feast of St. Francis of Asissi, but owing to the absence of the military com- mander of the neighbouring presidio, which had been established on 17 Sept., the feast of the Stigmata of St. Francis, the formal founding was delayed. The first Mass on or near the site was celebrated in a tent by Father Francisco Palou, on the feast of the Apostles Peter and Paul, 29 June, and on 28 July the first Mass was offered up in the temporary chapel. Father Pa- lou on the title pages of the mission records gives 1 August as the day of foundation. The early mission- aries, however, always celebrated the 4th of October as the patronal feast of the mission. The appellation "Dolores " was added because the mission was estab- lished on a streamlet which Father Pedro Font, O.F.M., and Captain Juan Bautista de Anza had discovered on 28 March, 1776, and in honour of the Blessed Virgin had called .\rroyo de Nuestra Seiiora de los Dolores. In all official documents, reports, and in the records, the mission bears no other name than San Francisco de Asis; but after 1824, when the Mission San Fran- cisco Solano was established at Sonoma, to avoid con- fusion it was popularly called Dolores, that is to say, the mission on the Dolores. The founders of the mis- sion were Father Francisco Palou, the historian, and Father Pedro Benito Cambon. The other mission- aries stationed here in the course of time were the Franciscan Fathers Tomas de la Peiia, Miguel Giribet, Vincente de Santa Maria, Mafias Noriega, Norberto de .Santiago, Diego Garcia, Faustino de .Sold, Antonio Danti, Martin de Landaeta, Diego de Noboa, Manuel Ferndndez, Jos6 de Espi, Ramon Abella, Luis Gil, Juan Sainz, Vincente Oliva, Juan Cabot, Bias Ordaz, Jos6 Altimira, Tomds Est^nega, Lorenzo Quij.as, Jos<5 Gu- tierrez, Jose Mercado, Jos6 Real, Miguel Muro. The Rev. Prudencio Santillan, the first secular priest, took charge in 1846.

The cornerstone of the present church, the oldest