Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 4.djvu/847

 DEVELOPMENT

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DE VERE

daughter of Francis Ridout Ward. She died in 1889, leaving nine children. Devas was a man of singular piety, a zealous member of the Society of St. Vincent of Paul, and an active friend of the poor; he had no other ambition except to propo.so the Catholic Faith to the reasonable acceptance of a troubled and scepti- cal age. He took a leading part in all Catholic enter- prises of his time in England — notably in that which enabled Catholics to frequent the universities — and though always unwilling to make himself personally prominent, he exercised considerable influence over the thought and conduct of English Catholics. He was examiner in Political Economy at the Royal Uni- versity of Ireland from 1889 to 1898.

Fr.vncis Charles Devas.

Development of Doctrine. See Revelation.

De Vere, Aubrey Thom.vs Hunt, poet, critic, and essayist, b. at Curragh Chase, County Limerick, Ireland, 10 Januarj', 1814; died there, 21 January, 1902. He was the third son of Sir Aubrey de Vere and Mary Spring Rice, sister of the first Lord Mont- eagle. Aubrey Vere, second son of the sixteenth Earl of O.xford, w.is his direct ancestor. Aubrey de Vere early showed his rare poetic temperament. His young imagination was strongly influenced by his friendship with the astronomer. Sir William Rowan Hamilton, through whom he came to a knowledge and reverent admiration for Wordsworth and Coleridge. In 1832 he entered Trinity College, Dublin, where he devoted himself to the study of metaphysics, reading Kant and Coleridge. Later he visited O.xford, Cambridge, and Rome, and came under the potent influence of Newman. He also \'isited the Lake Countrj' of Eng- land, and he afterwards spoke of the days under Wordsworth's roof as the greatest honour of his life. His veneration for Wordsworth was singularly .shown in after life, when he never omitted a yearly pilgrim- age to the grave of that poet until advanced age made the journey impossible.

From his study of Coleridge, .\ubrey de Vere re- ceived his first impulse towards Catholicity, which was developed by events following the conversion of Man- ning, and he was received into the Church, Novem- ber, 1857, in the archbishop's chapel at Avignon. His imusual sweetness of character won for him many friends, and this important change in his life did not separate him from them. Among these friends Sara Coleridge and Sir Henry Taylor are pre-eminent, and his long correspondence with them, with Miss Fen- wick, with Gladstone, and many others of literary and political fame, is of marked interest. The famine year in Ireland was one of the most important in liis earlier life, and he then showed a practical and vigor- ous interest in politics. In 1848 he had published a book on English misrule and Irish misdeeds, which was criticized as a work of great value, notably by Mill and Carlyle and Lord John Manners. His brother. Sir Stephen de Vere, the translator of some of the Odes and Epodes of Horace, also made heroic efforts at this time to better the condition of Irish emigrants; and the intimate friendship between the brothers led to their almost daily correspondence throughout their long lives.

It is as a poet that Aubrey de Vere is best known. His work is in part historical and in part literary, his aim being to illustrate the supernatural in the form of supernatural truth by recording the conversion to Christianity of Ireland and England. The quality of his verse is strong and vigorous, musical, and remark- ably spiritual. .\ critic in the "Quarterly Review" of 1.896 .says of his poetry, that next to iimwuiug's it shows the fullest vitality, resumes the largest sphere of ideas, covers the broadest intellectual field since the poetry of Wordsworth. lie never strove for or- 0?ite effect in his poetry, which is marked by sublitQ?

and seriou, conviction as he traces the progress of spiritual thought in the development of the nations, notably Ireland, in "The Legend of St. Patrick" (Lon- don, 1872), and of Spain in his eloquent portrayal of the Cid. " The Children of Lir" is one of the most ex- quisite lyrics in the language, and his classic knowl- edge, his richness of imagination, his combined grace and dignity of thought are revealed in his "Search after Pro.serpine " (London, 1843). In his "Alexan- der the Great" (London, 1874) he represents the Greek ideal in remarkable purity, and this historical play, with his "Saint Thomas of Canterbury" (ibid.), reveals him as a dramatist unequalled in his century, except by Sir Henry Taylor, Browning, and his father, the elder de Vere. His memorial sonnets are charac- terized by strong and deep thought, and his odes show a descriptive power, and a spontaneous lyric charm and grace.

In addition to the above-mentioned works, all pub- lished in London, he also wrote : " Legends and Records of the Church and Empire" (1887); " May Carols and Legends of Saxon Saints" (1857); "Mediajval Records and Sonnets "( 1 898) ; " Legends of the Saxon Saints ' ' ( 1 879) ;" May Carols "( 1 857) ;" Saint Peter's Chains " (1888); "Essays Literary and Ethical" (1889); "Es- says chiefly on Poetry" (1887) ; " Picturesque Sketches of Greece and Turkey" (1850).

As a critic, Aubrey de Vere shows discriminating power in the two volumes of "Essays" in which he writes of Sir Henry Taylor, Keats, Landor, and others, and of the power and passion of Wordsworth. He would have been satisfied to be known solely as the in- terpreter of Wordsworth, w'hom he considered the greatest poet after Milton. His charm of description is shown in two early volumes of " Sketches of Greece and Turkey". In avolumeof "Recollections" (Lon- don, 1897) may be found reminiscences of many nota- ble people and events. The personality of Aubrey de Vere was singulariy charming. He was of tall and slender physique, thoughtful and grave in character, of exceeding dignity and grace of manner, and re- tained his vigorous mental powers to a great age. He was undoubtedly one of the most profoundly in- tellectual poets of his time. As he never married, the name of de Vere at his death became extinct for the second time, and has been assumed by his nephew.

(2) Sir Stephen Edw.vrd de Vere, poet and phil- anthropist, born at Curragh Chiise, 12 July, 1812, died at Foynes Island, 10 November, 1904, second son of Sir Aubrey Hunt de Vere, and brother of the above. At the death of his eldest brother, Sir Vere de Vere, suc- ceeded as fourth baronet to the title, which became ex- tinct at his death. From his early youth he laboured for the amelioration of the conditions, .social and poli- tical, of the Irish people. In 1847 he made the voyage to Canada in the steerage of a ship, sharing the priva- tions of the emigrants that an accurate report of their treatment might be given to the public and to Parlia- ment. On his return to England in 1848, his letter describing the sufferings he had witnessed was read in the House of Lords, and the "Passenger Act" was amended. Sir Stephen de Vere became a Catholic from his observation of the peasantry whom he had taught, fed, and nursed in his own hou.se. Hehadhis residence at Foynes Island in the river Shannon, where he made his remarkable translations from Horace. He also built there a charming Gothic church, and died at the great age of ninety years. He was of small and slender physique, and, like his brother, was unmarried. He was Member of Parliament for Lim- erick, 1854-18.59.

Ward. Aubrey de TVrc. A Memoir (London, 1904); The Pwlrii uf the (/<■ Veres, in the Quarlerlu Review (Ixinili.n, April, 1896): (iEOHCE, Aubrey de Vere in llic AllatUic Munlhlv (Bos- ton, .lune. 1902): O'Kknnedt. Aubny de Vere in The Ave Afnria (Notre Dame, .hine. 1902); Wai.teh Geohoe Smith, Aubrey de Vere in The Me.ixenaer (New York, 1907); The Tablet {Iflndon, 25 January, 1902); Odea and Epodes of Horace, (rarw-