Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 4.djvu/81

 CLEVELAND

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CLEVELAND

Ursuline Convent, Youngstown (1874); St. Vincent's Hospital. Toledo (1876); tit. Joseph's Franciscan College, Clevehinil (1876-80); Convent of Poor Clares (1877); Ursnline. Academy, Nottingham (1877); St. Alexis' Hospital. Cleveland (1884); St. Louis' Or- phanage, Louisville (1SS4); Little Sisters of the Poor, Toledo (1885); St. Ignatius' College, Cleveland (1886); St. Joseph's Seminary, for young boys, Nottingham (1886). The diocesan seminary was remodelled and considerably enlarged m 1884-85. A diocesan chan- cery office was established (1877) for the transaction of the official business of the diocese. In 1878 the first attempt was made to gather historical data in connexion with everj' parish and institution in the diocese, and in a few years a great mass of matter, covering the history of Catholicity in Northern Ohio and the Diocese of Cleveland as far back as 1817, was collected and is now- a part of the diocesan archives. In May, 1882, tlie Seventh Diocesan Synod was held, wtiich resulted in the legislation at present in force. With the exception of about half a dozen of its 262 statutes, it is in perfect harmony with the decrees of the Tliird Plenarj- Council of Baltimore, held in November, 1884. Like his predecessor. Bishop Gilmour made it obligatory on every parish at all financially able to support a parochial school. In consequence, the Diocese of Cleveland has more paro- cliial schools, in proportion to its number of churches and its population, than any other diocese in the United States, and many of its school buildings vie, in size, appointments, and beauty of arcliitecture, with the public-school buildings. With very few ex- ceptions the parish schools are in charge of teachers belonging to male and female religious communities. Bishop Gilmour had an eventful episcopate, lasting nineteen years. He left his strong, aggressive per- sonality indelibly stamped upon the diocese he had ruled. During the interim between his death (13 April, 1891) and the appointment of his successor, the Right Rev. Monsignor F. M. Boff was administrator of the diocese.

(3) Ign.\tius Frederick Horstmann, chancellor of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia, was appointed to succeed Bishop Gilmour. Born in Philadelphia, 16 December, 1840, after graduating from the Central High School, he attended St. Joseph's College and then entered the diocesan seminary. In 1860 he was sent by Bishop Wood to the American College, Rome, where he was ordained priest, 10 June, 186.5. In the following year he received the degree of Doctor of Divinity and returning to Philadelphia became a pro- fessor in St. Charles's Seminary where he remained eleven years and was then appointed rector of St. Marj''s church, Philadelphia. In 1885 he was made chancellor. His consecration as Bishop of Cleveland took place in Philadelphia 25 February, 1892. He died suddenly of heart disease on 13 May, 1908, while on an official visit to Canton, Ohio. He had proved himself a zealous pastor of souls, a wise and prudent ruler, a fearless defender of trutli. Among the note- worthy accomplishments of his episcopate were the founding of Loyola High School, Cleveland (1902)- St. John's College, Toledo (1898); and the establish- ment of the diocesan batid of missionaries — the first in any diocese of the United States. He w.^s foremost in encouraging everj- missionary movement, and his zeal for Christian education was one of the dominant purposes of his life. He served as a trustee of the Catholic University and in spite of many duties found time to contribute to the " .\merican Catholic Review'' and other periodicals and to edit the -American edition of "The Catholic Doctrine as Defined bv the Council of Trent" and " Potter's Catholic Bible".

A few months before he died he asked for an auxiliary bishop with jurisdiction over the growing foreign population, especially of the Slav races, in the diocese. The Rev. Joseph ,M. Koudelka, rector of

St. Michael's church, Cleveland, was named 29 Nov., 1907, and consecrated 25 Feb., 1908, being the first auxiliary bishop of special jurisdiction appointed for the United States. He was born in Bohemia, 15 August, 1852, and emigrated to the United States when sixteen years of age. After making his studies at St. Francis's Seminary, Milwaukee, he was or- dained priest 8 October, 1875. He was for some time editor of " Hlas " ( Voice), a Bohemian Catholic weekly paper, and compiled a series of textbooks for Bohe- mian Catholic schools.

Recent Ti.MES. — In 1894 the "St. Vincent's Union", composed of the laity who contribute towards the support of St. \'incent's Orphanage, Cleveland, was organized ; and it has proved of great financial assist- ance to that institution. In 1893 Bishop Horstmann opened the Calvary Cemetery, w-hich covers nearly 250 acres, near the southern limits of Cleveland. About fifty acres of the cemetery's whole area are improved. In 1892 the Cleveland Apostolate was established, an association of secular priests, having for its object the giving of lectures and missions to non-Catholics. Besides making many converts this association has removed much prejudice and brought about a kindlier feeling towards the Church and its members. The Golden Juliilee of the diocese was celebrated 13 October, 1897. It was a memorable event, observed with great reUgious pomp in Cleve- land, Toledo, and elsewhere. At the bishop's solici- tation the Jesuit Fathers of Toledo opened (Septem- ber, 1898) St. John's College. In the same city a home for fallen women was established (1906) by the Sisters of the Good Shepherd. A fine school building was erected (1906) in connexion with St. ^■incent's Asylum, Cleveland, in which the boys have every facility for a thorough education. The diocese is in a prosperous condition, spiritually and financially, and healthy growth is apparent in every direction.

CAUSES OF Growth. — The growth of the diocesan population down to 1860 was due chiefly to emigra- tion from Ireland and Germany. Since 1870 it has been receiving other large accessions, but from quite another source. The Slav race, manifold in its divisions, has been pouring in, more notably since 1895. The early immigrants were drawn b.ither by the market for their labour which the opening of a new country offered. The Irish found employment on i)ublic works, such as the construction of canals and railroads; tlie Germans turned more to agri- culture. The various branches of the Slav race are engaged in foundries, mills, and factories, and many are also employed as longshoremen and at common labour. The same holds also for the Italians, of whom there is a large percentage. Nearly all the recent immigration has settled in cities like Cleveland, Toledo, Youngstown, Lorain, and Ashtabula, where emplojTTient is had in abundance and at a fair wage.

Statlstics. — In December, 1907, the clergy num- bered .'i8S, of whom 315 were diocesan priests and 73 regulars (Sanguinists, Franciscans, and Jesuits). There were 21 Brothers of Mary and 5 Christian Brothers, tcaclung in 6 parocliial schools. The Sisters (Sanguinists, LTrsulines, Sisters of Charity of St. Augustine. Sisters of Notre Dame, Franciscans, Sisters of St. Joseph. Ladies of the Sacred Heart of Mary, Sisters of the Humility of Mary, Grey Nuns, Sisters of the Good Shepherd, Poor Clares, Little Sisters of the Poor. Dominicans. Sisters of St. .\gnes, Sisters of Charity. Sisters of T/oref to, Felician S'sters, Sisters of St. Benedict, Sisters-Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary) number 1141. of whom 684 teach in 138 parochial .schools. The parishes with resident pastors number 241; mission churches. 60; parochial schools, 186: attendance, 43,544; 1 diocesan seminary, with 96 students; diocesan students in colleges and other seminaries,