Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 4.djvu/80

 CLEVELAND

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CLEVELAND

first resident pastor of Cleveland (1835-36), Basil Schorb, in charge of missions in Stark, Wayne, and Portage Counties (1837-43), Patrick O'Dwyer, second pastor of Cleveland (1836-38), where he built the first church in 1838, Michael McAleer, in Stark and Columbiana Counties (1838^0), Joseph McNamee, at Tiffin (1839-47), Projectus J. Machebeuf (later Bishop of Denver), at Tiffin and Sandusky (1839-51), Aniadeus Rappe (later first Bishop of Cleveland), stationed at Maumee for a short time, and then, as first resident pastor, at Toledo (1840-47), Louis de Goesbriand (later Bishop of Burlington, Vermont), at Louisville, Toledo, and Cleveland (1840-53), Peter McLauglJin, resident pastor of Cleveland (1840-46), Maurice Howard, at Cleveland and later at Tiffin (1842-52), John J. Doherty, at Canton (1843-48), Jolm H. Luhr, at Canton, and later at Cleveland (1844-58), John O. Brcdeick, founder of Delphos, and its first pastor (1844-58), Cornelius Daley, first resident pastor of Akron, and later stationed at Doylestown (1844-47), Philip Foley, at Massillon and Wooster (1847-48). The Rev. Stephen Badin, proto-priest of the thirteen original LTnited States, and the Rev. Edward T. Collins occasionally came from Cincinnati, between 1835 and 1837, to attend the missions in Northern Ohio, the former those of Canton, Fremont, and Tiffin, and the latter those of Dungannon, Toledo, and along the Maumee River. The first permanent church in Northern Ohio was erected near the present village of Dungannon, in 1820, under the direction of the Rev. Edward Fen- wick, O. P., the "Apostle of Ohio", and later the first Bishop of Cincinnati. Until 1847 churches of brick or wood were built in the following places: Canton (St. John's, 1823), Chippewa (1828), Randolph, Canal Fulton (1831), Tiffin (St. Mary's, 1832), Glandorf, Navarre, New Riegel (1833), Peru (1834), Louis- ville, La Porte (1835). Shelby Settlement (1836), McCutchenville (1837), Thompson (1839), Cleveland, East Liverpool (1840), Toledo, Maumee, New Wash- ington, Norwalk (1841). Sandusky (Holy Angels), Landeck, Liberty, Liverpool, Sheffield (St. Stephen's, 1842), Delphos, Massillon (St. Mary's), Akron (St. Vincent's), Fremont (St. Anne's), French Creek (1844), Canton (St. Peter's), Harrisburg. New Berlin, 'Tiffin (St. Joseph's), Providence (1845), Sherman (1846), Poplar Ridge (1847).

From 1822 until October, 1847, Northern Ohio was part of the Diocese of Cincinnati, of which the first bishop was Edward Fenwick (1822-32), and its second bishop, John B. Purcell, who succeeded in October, 1833. He petitioned the Holy See, in 1846, for a division of his jurisdiction, then com- prising the entire State of Ohio. The petition was granted (23 April, 1847), by the appointment of the Rev. Louis Amadeus Rappe as the first Bishop of Cleveland, and the assignment to his jurisdiction of "all that part of Ohio lying north of 40 degrees and 41 minutes, N. L. " As this division intersected several counties it was changed in January, 1849, to the present limits, as described at the beginning of this article.

Bishops op Cleveland. — (1) Louis Amadeus Rappe, consecrated lOth October, 1847, was born 2 Feb., 1801, at Andrehem, France. He was or- <lained priest at Arras, France, 14 March, 1829. His cathedral church was St. Mary's on the "Flats", ('leveland. the first, and at that time the only, church in hi.s episcopal city. In November, 1852, he completed the present cathedral, an imposing brick structure of Gothic architecture, still ranking with the many fine elnirches of the diocese. Dur- ing his administration of the diocese, which ended in August, 1,870, he convoked five diocesan synods (1848, 18.52, lS5t, IS.57. ISOS). lie established "the diocesan seniinary ( IMS)., St. John's CoUcgi., Cleveland (1854), St. Louis' ('olleg(>, Louisville (IS(iCi); tliese two col-

leges, however, being closed a few years later, owing to lack of patronage. Under his direction the follow- ing educational and charitable institutions were also established: In Cleveland, the Ursuline Academy; St. Vincent's Orphanage, for boys; St. Marj-'s Orphanage, for girls (1851); St. Joseph's Orphanage, for girls (1862); Charitv Hospital (1865); House of the Good Shepherd (1869); Home for the Aged Poor (1870).— In 'Toledo, Ursuline Academy (1854), St. Vincent's Orphanage (1855): in Tiffin. Ursuline Academy (1863), St. Francis' A.sylum and Home for the Aged (1867). He founded the community of Sisters of Charity of St. Augustine (1851), whose work is the care of or- phans, waifs, and the sick. In 1869 he introduced into the diocese the Franciscan and Jesuit Fathers, giving to the former the care of St. Joseph's church, Cleveland, and to the latter St. Mary's, Toledo. Wherever possible he insisted on the support of parish schools. He was a strong advocate of total absti- nence, which he practised from the time he was a mis- sionary priest in North-Western Ohio until his death. He never spared himself in the discharge of his mani- fold and exacting duties. By his affability and disin- terestedness he gained the love of his people, as also the respect of his fellow-citizens regardless of creed. He resigned his see in August, 1870 and retired to the Dio- cese of Burlington, Vermont, where he did missionary work almost to the day of his death (8 September, 1877). Between the time of Bishop Rappe's resigna- tion and the appointment of his successor, the Very Rev. Edward Hannin administered the affairs of the diocese.

(2) Richard Gilmour, consecrated 14 April, 1872. In November of the same year he convoked the Sixth Diocesan Sjmod, in which many of the statutes by which the diocese is at present governed were promulgated. It also embodied considerable of the legislature of previous synods, notably that of 1868. This s3'nod made provision for a diocesan fund for the support of the seminary, bishop, etc., and another for the support of sick and disabled priests, by annual as.sessnients on the parishes of the diocese. Among other diocesan statutes published then were those urging anew the support of parochial schools, regu- lating the financial affairs of parishes, and the manner of electing parish councilmen and of con\eying church property. Bishop Gilmour established "The Catho- lic Universe", its first issue appearing 4 July, 1874. In 1875 he organized "The Catholic Central Associa- tion", composed of representatives from all the par- ishes and church societies in Cleveland; its influence for the betterment of social and religious conditions and for the defence of Catholic interests was soon felt not only in Cleveland, but elsewhere as well, and con- tinued during almost its entire existence of nearly eighteen years. It also proved a tower of strength to its organizer in his forced contention for the civic rights of Catholics, in the face of bitter opposition from bigotry and a hostile press. In 1875 the Catho- lic school property in Cle^'eland was placed on the ta.x duplicate in spite of the decision (1874) of the Su- preme Court of Ohio, that such property was not tax- able. A suit of restraint was entered by the bishop, and finally carried to the Supreme Court, which re- affirmed its former decision. The present episcopal residence was begun in 1874 and completed two years later. It serves also as the residence of the cathedral clergy. — In 1872 the Sisters of St. Joseph, and in 1874 the' Sisters of Notre Dame, were welcomed to the diocese. Both communities have flourishing academies in connexion with their convents, besides supplving niaiiv jxirish schools with efficient teacliers. The .same also is the ca.so with the Ui-sulines of Cleve- land, Titlin. Toledo, and ^'ouiigstown. and the Sistei-s of the Humility of Mary. —The following institutions were established between 1S73 and 1891: St. .Xniie's Asvluni and House of Maternitv, Cleveland (IS73);