Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 4.djvu/781

 DELPHINE

701

DELTA

and 1559, during which he held the position of royal architect under Francis I and Henry II, de L'Orme "altered, enlarged, and restored numerous chateaux, notably those of Villers-Cottercts, Saint-Germain-en- Laye, Fontainobleau, and Vincennes. His first in- ili\idual achievement of importance, however, was ihr chateau of Saint-Maur-les- Fosses, originally de- si^ninl for Cardinal du Bellay, Bishop of Paris, but afiiTwards taken over by Catherine de' Medici. Of tills notable work almost nothing remains. In 1552 llir chateau d'Anet, regarded as the best example of li'' L'Orme 's genius, was begun for Diana of Poitiers, mistress of Henry II. Benvenuto Cellini's famous l.roiize Diana, now in the Louvre, was executed for tins liuilding and other eminent artists assisted in its li cnration.

I lie death of Henry II (1559) marked the turning- 1^ well as his rugged independence had made for him n\ iiius and contentious enemies, not the least formid- iMr of whom was the poet Ronsard. During the l.")!', I, the work "Nouvelles inventions pour bien l> i-(ir et a petits fraiz" (How to Build Well and at <i 1 1 : ' 1 1 Expense). This was sub.sequently a part of his
 * ii nil of de L'Orme 's pro.sperity. His large revenues,
 * Hi iod of unpopularity which succeeded he issued, in

II ; ilile treatise on architecture which contains much iiN.ly autobiography; the first, volume of this work ippriired at Paris in 1567 under the title: "Le pre- 1111. r tome de 1 'architecture de Philibert de L'Orme".

I II 1 .")tj4 he laid the foundations of the historic chateau )f ilie Tuileries for Catherine de' Medici. The initial cliinne under other hands. The Tuileries was the 1:1-^1 important undertaking of the architect, who was liuricil with the honours of a canon of Notre-Dame. I 111' claim has been made by some biographers thatde
 * i:irt of the structure, however, suffered a complete

I, • irme designed for Saint-Denis the Valois Chapel, iiii« destroyed; there is much doubt as to his exact -hue in various other works with which he is known tn have been associated. The only great work of de L t irme now actually remaining is the tomb of !■ rincis I in Saint-Denis at Paris.

I iMKE, Reruiuisance of Art in France (London, 1879); Berty, /.. 'ininds architrcles fraTi^ais de la Renaissance (Pari.s, 1860); rv--LitoN, Philibert de L'Orme in Bibliographic dcs artistes I'/j^nn'iix (Lyons, 1835); Callet, Notice historique sur la vie 11! h iupie el les ouvraqes de quelqucs architecles francais du XVI^ sii^,'' I Paris, 1842); Destaillecr. Notice sur quelqucs artistes /'^.w.'M.s- (Paris. ISfi.'lt; Du Cerceau, Les plus excellent^ basti- m, :i' ;< /;'»■< I'lirls, 1870); y kCKOV . Philibert dc L' Orme ir, / . ,y ' ' . (Paris, 1887): Roussel, Le chAtcau de

It.: I lnf( (Paris, 1883); Chahvet, PMtftcrt rfe

/, ' ' '" >' ' Ihni^' in Biographies d'architectcs.

Charles D. Maginnls.

Delphine, Bles.sed, of the Third Order of St. Fran-

II, li. in Provence, France, in 1284; d. 26 November, 1 ;".s. Left an orphan in her' infancy, she was placed I ^ r the guardianship of her uncles, and under the

lion of her aunt, the Abbess of St. Catherine of '. She grew up in the practice of every virtue, . look a vow of virginity which she kept faithfully li I he end of her life. In her twentieth year she was III 11 lied to Elz^ar, Count of Sarban, and the couple, iiig received the habit of the Third Order of St. <is, lived together in the edifying practice of r, penance, and charity towards the poor until hath of ,St. Elz(5ar in 1:H3. After the death of li' i husband. Blessed Delphine .sold all her vast posses- si uis for the benefit of the poor and retired first to .\ 1 1 lies and then to Cabricres. She finally returned I ' Apt where her husband h.ad been buri(^(l. During tin l.T-st years of her life she endured the greatest sulfcrings without the slightest complaint or sign of 1 impatience. The cult that had long been paid to I Blessed Delphine was confirmed by Pope Urban V, goilson of St. Elz6ar. Her feast is kept in the Fran- ri-r an Order on the twenty-seventh of November. \\ ADDING. Annates Uinorum (Rome. 1732), VI, 248, 256,

337. VIII, 147; Leo, Lives of the Saints and Blessed of the Three Orders of St. Francis (Taunton, 1887), IV, 112. 122.

Stephen M. Donovan.

Delrio, Martin Anton, scholar, statesman, Jesuit theologian, b. at Antwerp, 17 May, 1551 ; d. at Lou- vain, 19 October, 1608. He studied at Paris, Douai, Louvain, and Salamanca where he received the degree of Doctor of Law in 1574. Returning to the Low Countries with the reputation of being " the miracle of his age", a title given him by Justus Lipsius, he held the offices of senator, auditor of the army, vice-chan- cellor, and procurator general. In 1580 he entered the Society of Jesus, made his novitiate at 'Valladolid, and returned to Louvain for further studies. He after- wards held the chairs of philosophy, moral theology, and Scripture at the Universities of Douai, Liege, Louvain, Graz, and Salamanca. He possessed a speaking-knowledge of at least nine languages, wrote in a pure though somewhat diffuse style, and was care- ful to the extreme in the preparation of his books, as may be seen from the fact that his second work, pub- lished at the age of twenty-three, contains citations from nearly eleven hundred authors. His principal works comprise: Commentaries on Claudius, Ennius, Florus, an(i Seneca; on the ancient geographer and historian, C. J. Silvius Polyhistor; notes on the Chris- tian poets, St. Orientius and St. Aldhelm ; an exliaus- tive treatise on civil law; a "Historia Belgica", on the contemporary disorders in the Low Countries; some controversial pamphlets written against Joseph Sealiger; commentaries on Genesis, on the Canticle of Canticles, and on the Ijamentations of Jeremias; an explanation of various proverbial expressions in the Old Testament called "Adagialia sacra Veteris Test- amenti"; panegyrics and other works on the virtues of the Blessed 'Virgin ; and a treatise on magic, called " Disquisitionum magicarum libri sex". This last work, the one by which Delrio is best known, was much praised in its day and went through many edi- tions, but can no longer be accepted in full.

Delaulnaye in Biog. univ., a. v.; HnRTER, Nomcnclator, I. 191; Diix in A'tVcftm/ea;., in, 1493; SoMMr.Rvor.r.l,. Bibl. de la c. de. J., s. v.; Sommervogel in Via., Diet, de la Bible, s. v.

J. H. Fisher.

Delta of the Nile, Prefecture Apostolic of the, is situated in th(> north of Egj'pt and comprises four of the six provinces forming Lower Egypt, namely: Gharbieh, Charkieh, Mcnufieh, and Kalyiubieh. Prior to the establishment of the prefecture, the four provinces contained 1000 Catholics belonging to different rites. The prefecture was erected by Propa- ganda, 17 March, 1887. In 1888 the Rev. Augustin Duret of the Lyons Society for African Missions was appointed first prefect Apostolic and the prefecture confided to the care of this society. It had at first only two missionary posts, one at Tantah and the other at Zagazig, but a new post was founded at Zifteh in 18S7 and another at Mahalla^el-Kebir in 1891. About this time the city of Cairo, which had already outgrown its former limits, developed con- siderably on the north, and populous quarters grew up within th(Prefecttire of the Delta. For the conve- nience of resident Catholics a Latin jiarish w;is formed in the Choiilira (piartcr in 1.S94 and given to the Fathers of the Society for African Mi.ssions; in 1896 another Latin parish mider th(^ same direction was established at Zeitoun for the outlying districts of Koubbeh, Zeitoun, and Matarieh.

St.-vtistics. — The last official census (1897) gave for the four provinces of the Delta a total population of .3,282,4.57; 73,365 being .schismatics of different rites; .'W91 Catholics of various rites; and 241 Protestants. These figiu-es do not distinguisli the population of the quarters or outskirts from that of Cairo; on the basis of other returns, the total population of the prefecture may be estimated at about 3.500.000; 100,000 of this