Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 4.djvu/76

 CLETUS

54

CLETUS

Clermont counted amongst its bishops alarge number of saints, as St. Urbicus (c. 312); St. Leoguntivis; St. Illidius (Allyre), who, about 385, cured the daughter of the Emperor Maximus at Trier; the saint's name wa.s given to the petrifying springs of Clermont, and his life was written by Gregory of Tours; St. Ncpo- tianus (d. 38S); St. Artemius (d. about 394); St. Ven- erandus (Veau, d. about 423); St. Rusticus (424-46); St. Namatius (446-62), founder of the Clermont cathe- dral, where he deposited the relies of Sts. Vitalis and Agricola brought from Bologna; Sidonius Apollinaris (470-79), the celebrated Christian writer who brought to Clermont the priest St. Amabilis; St. Aprunculus (d. about 491); St. Ruphrasius (491-515); St. Quin- tianus (d. about 527), whose life was written by Greg- ory of Tours; St. Gallus (527-51), of whom Gregory of Tours was the biographer and nephew; St. Avitus (second half of the sixth century), founder of Notre- DameduPort;St. Cajsarius (c. 627); St. Gallus II (c. 650); St. Genesius (c. 660); St. Pra;- jectus (Prix), his- torian of the mar- tyrs of Clermont and assassinated at Volvic 25 Jan- uary, 676; St. Avitus II (676- 91); St. Bonitus, intimate friend of Sigebert 1 1 (end of seventh cen- tiirvV St. Stabilis (SL''i 111 II.:ind St. SiL'ii(Mii'i. Among Ihi' Bisiiups of Clermont should also be mentioned: Pierre de Cros (1.301-04), en- gaged by St. Thomas Aquinas to complete his "Summa"; Etienne d'Albert (1340-42), later Pope Innocent VI (1352- 62); Guillaumedu Prat (1528-60), founder of the Cler- mont College at Paris and delegate of Francis I to the Council of Trent; and Massillon, the illustrious orator (1717-42). The Diocese of Clermont can likewise claim a number of monks whom the Church honours as saints, viz: St. Calevisus (Calais, 460-541), a pupil in the monastery of Menat near Riom, whence he re- tired to Maine, where he founded the Abbey of Ani- sole; St. Maztius (d. 527), founder at Royat near Cli-rmont of a monastery which became later a Ben- edictine priory; St. Portianus (sixth century), founder of a monastery to which the city of Saint- Pour^ain (Allier) owes its origin; St. Etienne de Muret (1046- 1 124), son of the Viscount of Thiers and founder of the Order of Grandmont in Limousin, and St. Peter the Venerable (1092-1 156), of the Montboissier family of Auvcrgne, noted as a writer and Abbot of Cluny. Several famous .lansenists were natives of Clermont: Blaise Pa.soal, author of the " Pen.sees" (1623-62); the Arnauld family, and Soanen (1647-1740), Bishop of Senez, famous for his stubborn opposition to the Bull "Unigenitus". On the other hand the city of Riom was the birthplace of Sirmoiid, the learned .lesuit (15.">9-165I), confessor to Louis XIII and editor of the ancient coutic-ils of Gaul. Other natives worthy of mention in church history were the Abb(5 Delille, po,a (1738-1813). and Moiitlosicr. the publiei.st (1755- 183S), famous for liis UK'nioir against the Jesuits and (o whoin Bisliop Ferou r.'fuscd ecclesiastical burial. Pope Url)an II came to Clermont in 1095 to l)re.sido at th(! organization of the I'irst Crusade; Vopo Pas- chal II visited the city in 1106, Callistus II in 1120,

Church of Notrk-Dami: hu C'i,KHMnNT-FERH\Ni) (Kleveiith Century Romanesque)

Innocent II in 11.30, Alexander III in 1164, and, in 1166, St. Thomas Becket. It was also at Clermont that, in 1262, in presence of St. Louis, the marriage of Philip the Bold and Isabella of Aragon was solem- nized. The cathedral of ( 'lermont, dating from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, is not of equal arcliEPological importance with the church of Notre- Dame du Port, which stands to-day as it was rebuilt in the eleventh century, and is one of the most beauti- ful of Romanesque churches in the Auvergnese style. One of the capitals in Notre-Dame du Port, ascribed to the eleventh century, is among the most ancient sculptured representations of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin. This cathedral is much frequented a-s a place of pilsrimatic. as are also Notre Dame d'Or- cival and Notre Dame de Vassiviere at Besse. The "dry mass" (without Consecration or Communion) was celebrated in the Diocese of Clermont as late as the seventeenth century.

Before the Law of 1901 was carried into effect, there were in the diocese: t!apuchins, Jesuits, Marists, Fathers of the African Missions, Fathers of the Holy Ghost, and Sulpicians. Several local congregations of women are engaged in teaching, among them being the religious of Notre-Dame de Clermont, founded in 1835, with mother-house at Chamalieres; the Sisters of St. Josejih of the Good Shepherd, founded by Massil- lon in 1723, with mother-house at Clermont; the Sis- ters of the Heart of the Infant Jesus, mother-house at Lezoux; and the Sisters of Mercy, founded in 1806, with mother-house at Billom. The diocese has the following religious institutions: 2 maternity hospitals, 40 infant schools, 1 school for the blind, 4 schools for deaf mutes, 3 boys' orphanages, 16 girls' orphanages, 2 houses of refuge and of protection, 23 hospitals and hospices, 35 houses for nursing sisters, ami 1 insane asylum. Statistics for the end of 1905 (the close of the period under the Concordat) show a population of 529,181, with 54 parishes, 447 succursal parishes (mission churches), and 175 curacies remunerated by the State.

Gregory of Tours, Hisioria Francorum; Idem, Viiai Patrum (nine out of twenty being devoted to saints of Au- vercnel; Oallin Chrixliana (nova) (1715), II, 222-316,416-418; /,,,./.-,, ,,,,„^., 7:^-f_*S; Resie, Histoire de I'Eolise d'Auvergne

I; \ I- '!'■[ ill It-rrand, 1855); Morin, U Auvergne chret.

'^^11 (Roanne, 1880); Duchesne. Pastes

./, I, Jii, 11.31-39, 117-22; Desdevizes DU Desert,

J^,ljl,.'^,J..< ,.L, tuitinaire des croisades a Clermont-Ferrand (Clermont-Ferrand, 1895); Chev.\lier, Rep. des sources hist.,

Topo-BM., s. V. Georges Goyatj.

Cletus, S.4.INT, Pope. — This name is only another form for .Anacletus (q. v.), the second successor of St. Peter. It is true that the Liberian Catalogue, a fourth-century list of popes, so called because it ends with Pope Liberius (d. 366), contains both names, as if they were different persons. But this is an error, owing evidently to the existence of two forms of the same name, oni> an abbreviation of the other. In the aforesaid catalogue the papal succession is: Petrus, Linus, Clemens, Cletus, Anacletus. This catalogue, however, is the only authority previous to the sixth century (Liber Pontificalis) for distinguishing two popes under the names of Cletus and .Vnacletus. The "Carmen adv. Marcionem" is of the latter lialf of the fourth century, and its papal list iirobably depends on the Liberian Catalogue. The " Martyrologium Hiero- nymianum" (q. v.) mentions both " Aninclitus" and "Clitus" (23 and 31 December), but on each occasion these names are found in a list of popes; hence the days mentioned cannot be looked on as specially conse- crated to the.se two persons. Apart from thesis lists, all other ancient papal lists, from the second to the fourth century, give as follows the immediate succes- sion of St. Peter: ATras, ' .Ky4yK\rtToi. KXiiMIs (Linus Anencletus, Clemens), and this siici'essioii is certainly the right one. It is that found in St. Ireiueus and in the chronicles of the second and third centuries. Both