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DEACONS

ity, by M. Delcasott " (Paris, 1836); (2) "The Parish Priest and His Parishioners, or Answer to Popular Prejudices against Religion, by M. B. D'Exauvillez" 'Ihisgow, 1842), reviewed in "The Tablet", Lon- i\iin, 12 Feb., 1842; (3) Letters of same author on llic Spanish Inquisition (London, 1848); (4) "Count I'seph de Maistre's celebrated work on the Pope" Li)ndon, 18.50), and his "Soirees de S. P^tersbourg" I London, 1851), "an excellent and careful transla- tion. . . . Another instance of enlightened zeal I'mm one of the small band of Scottish Catholics" 'The Tablet", London, 23 Nov., 1850). A list of his [loems and other works is given in the "Proceed- in y.s and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada " I "^'.14, XII, 23), of which he was a member. Morgan, Bibliotheca Canadensis, or Manual of Canadian I rature (Ottawa. 1S67): J.vmes. Bibliography of Canadian r.; (Toronto. 1S99); Public Testimonial to the Rev. £. McD. .in (Ottawa, IS90); Tanguay, Repertoire General du • - the date of Father Dawson's birth as 1830.
 * • Canadien (Quebec, 1868). In this Tanguav inaccurately

Edward P. Spillane. Dax. See Aire.

Day, (Ieorge, Bishop of Chichester; b. in Shrop- shire, England, c. 1501; d. 2 .Vugust, 1556. He was graduated at Cambridge in 1520-1 and admitted Fel- low of St. John's, 19 September, 1522. Though ap- pirintly always a Catholic in belief. Day submitted like too many others to the assumption by Henry \ 1 1 1 of ecclesiastical supremacy. He was made Mas- ter of St. John's in 1537, Vice-Chancellor of the LTni- \. rsity, and Provo.st of King's College (though not a f.'!li)w of it) by special exerci.se of the royal authority, 111 l.')38. Corisecrateil Uishoj) of Chichester in 1543 1 !>■ < 'ranmer, he firmly ojiposed the spread of the Ref- ' rniation under Edward VT. He answered in a Cath- olic sense Cranmer's written questions on the "Sacra- Tiunt of the Altar", defended the Catholic doctrine in the House of Lords, and voted against the bills for ( '( immimion under both kintls, and for the introduc • tion of the new Prayer Book. In his own diocese his • ■ irhing was so effective that, in October, 15.50, the icil felt it necessary to send "Dr. Cox, the king's 'iier, to appease the people by his good doctrine, . i.i.li are troubled through the "seditious preaching oi the Bishop of Chichester and others", and, in the following December, D;iy was brought before the ( I imcil to answer for his disregard of an injunction to 1' i\i' "all the altars in every church taken down, and in I he lieu of them a table set up", — him.self preaching oil t lie occasion, if possible in his cathedral. After re- ]i. it«i interrogations, his final answer was that "he « iuld never obey to do this thing, thinking it a less e-.il to suffer the liody to jjerish tlian to corrupt the s ml with that thing that his conscience would not I" ir '. For this "contempt" he was imprisoned in thi Fleet, and after further questionings was deprived of his bishopric in October, 1551. From the Fleet he ■• 1- transferred in June of 1552 into the keeping of P lip Goodrich of Ely, then Lord Chancellor, in -e custody he remained until the death of Edward Queen Mary restored him at once to his dignity, I'S naming him her almoner. In re-establishing I ncient worship she had, however, to proceed cau- -ly. Thus contemporary chroniclers record that iner conducted Edward's funeral "without any - or light", and "with a communion in Engli.sh'"', li^h "the Bishop of Chichester preached a good lion". Day again preached at Mary's coronation. His previous sufferings prove the .sincerity of his con- V. r~ion from the schism, and his reconciliation to the ' 1 ireh had doubtless already been privately effected, formal absolution and confirmation in his l)isho|v ■y Cardirial PS9I); G»sgrKT and I'tp, Edward Viand theCommon Prayer BookiLondon, 1890);

Camden Society, Greu Friar'a and Wriolhesley's Chronidea (London. 1852-1877); Stowe. Annals (London, 1615), II; Ebt- cotjRT, Anglican Ordinations (London, 1873); Gillow, Bibl. Diet. £ng. Cath., s. v.; Gairdner, Eng. Church in the Six- tccnlh Century (London, 1902).

G. E. Phillips.

Day, Sir John Charles, jurist, b. near Bath, Eng- land, 1826; d. 13 June, 1908, at Newbury. He was educated at Rome and at Fribourg, finally with the Benedictines at Downside, who prepared him to graduate with honours at the London University and attain sul)seuent distinction at the Bar. He was called to the Middle Temple, 1849; took silk, 1872; Bencher of the Middle Temple, 1873; raised to the Bench as Judge of the Queen's Bench Division of High Court of Justice and knightetl, 1882; resigned, 1901 ; created Privy Councillor, 1902. His first ten years at the Bar were a constant struggle, and then his book, "Common Law Procedure Acts", brought him fame and fortune. As a judge his .severe sen- tences, especially for crimes of violence, made him the terror of evildoers, among whom he was in con- sequence nicknamed "Day of Reckoning" and "Judg- ment Day". He was also eminent as an art connois- seur and his collection of pictures by painters of the Barbizon School was one of the best in England. In 1888-90 he served as a judge on the famous Parnell Special Commission. Two of his sons, Henry and Arthur, joined the Society of Jesus and a third, Samuel, selected the law. Judge Day also eiiited Roscoe's "Evidence at Nisi Prius" (1870).

The Tablet (London. 20 June, 1908); The Catholic Times (London, 19 June, 1908); The Catholic Who's Who (London. 1908).

Thomas F. Meehan. Day of Judgment. See Judgment, Day of.

Deacons. — The name deacon {Smkovos) means only minister or servant, and is employed in this sense both in the Septuagint (though only in the Book of Esther, e. g. ii, 2 ; vi, 3) and in the New Testament (e.g. Matt., XX, 28; Romans xv, 25; Eph.,iii, 7; etc.). But in Apostolic times the w-ord began to acquire a more definite and technical meaning. Writing about A. D. 63, St. Paul addresses "all the saints, who are at Philippi, with the bishops and deacons" (Phil., i, 1). A few years later (I Tim., iii, 8 .sq.) he impresses upon Timothy that "deacons must be chaste, not double tongued, not given to much wine, not greedy of filthy lucre, holding the mystery of the faith in a pvire conscience". He directs, further, that they must "first be proved: and so let them minister, having no crime", and he adds that they should be "the hus- bands of one wife: who rule well their children, and their own houses. For they that have ministered well, shall purchase to them.selves a good degree, and much confidence in the faith which is in Christ Jesus". This passage is worthy of note, not only because it describes the qualities desirable in candidates for the iliaconate, but also because it suggests that external administra- tion and the handling of money were likely to form part of their functions.

Origin and Early History of the Diaconate. — According to the constant tradition of the Catholic Church, the narrative of .\cts, vi, 1-6, which serves to introduce the account of the martyrdom of St. Stephen, describes the first institution of the office of deacon. The Apostles, in order to meet the com- plaints of the Hellenistic Jews that "their widows were neglected in the daily ministrations [SmkovIh]", called together "the multitude of the disciples and said: It is not reason that we should leave the word of Ciod and serve [Smitoi'eri'] tables. Wherefore, brethren, look ye out among you seven men of good reputation, full of the Holy Ghost and wisdom, whom we may appoint over this business. But we w-ill give ourselves continually to prayer, and to the ministry of the word [tj SiaKovlf toO \byov]. And the saying