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DAVID

where he spent most of his remaining years, with occasional visits to Flanders. His intellectual ability and attractive manner won for him the friendship of many, and aided in reconciling numerous converts, among whom was Anne, Duchess of York. He lived to celebrate three jubilees — of religious profession, of the priesthood, and of the mission. His works are: " Epistoliura, continens confutationem duarum prop- ositionum astrologicarum " (Douay, 1626); "Deus, Natura, Gratia", with the important appendix de- scribed above (Lyons, 1634); "Apologia Episco- porum" (Cologne, 1640); "The Practice of the Pres- ence of God" (Douay, 1642); "Systema Fidei" (Liege, 1648); "De Definibilitate Controversioe Im- maculatiE Conceptionis Dei Genitricis Opusculum" (Douay, 1651); " Paralipomena Philosophica de Mundo Peripatetico" (Antwerp, 16.52); "An Enchiri- dion of Faith" (Douay, 1655); "Explanation of the Catholic Belief" (1656); "Manuale Missionariorum Regularium pra!cipue Anglorum Ordinis Sancti Fran- cisci" (Douay, 1658, 1661); "Fragmenta: seu His- toria Minor. Provinc. Angl. Fratrum Minorum"; "Tractatus de Schismate prKscrtim Anglicano"; "Vindication of Roman Catholics" (1659); "Liber Dialogorum" (Douay, 1661); "Problemata Schola.s- tica et controversialia speculativa"; "CoroUarium Dialogi de Medio Animarum Statu"; "Religio Philo- sophia Peripati discutienda" (Douay, 1662, 1667); "Opera omnia Francisci a S. Clara" (Douay, 1665- 1667); "Disputatio de antiqua Provinciae Prajce- dentia" (1670); " Supplementum HistoriiB Provinciae Anglise" (Douay, 1671).

Anthony a Wood AthentB Oxonienses, ed. Bliss (London, 1817). Ill, 1221; GiLLOw, Bibl. Diet. Eng. Calh., s. v.; Oxford HlsTORJCAL Society, Oxford University Register (Oxford, 18S7), X, 374; Pehry in Diet. Nat. Biog. (London, 1S88), XIV; Foster, Alumni Ox on lenses (Oxford, 1891). I, 376; Shahan, Christopher Davenport in U. S. Calh. Hist. Magazine (Pliiladel- phia, April, 1888), II, 153.

Edwin Burton.

Davenport, Diocese op (Davenportensis), erected 8 May, 1S81, embraces the four southern tiers of coun- ties of the State of Iowa, U. S. A., an area of about 22,873 square miles. From the time of the Louisiana Purchase down to 1827 the present Diocese of Daven- port was included in the Diocese of New Orleans; from 1827 to 1837 it formed part of the Diocese of St. Louis; and from 1837 to 1881 it belonged to the Dio- cese of Dubuque. When Bishop Loras arrived in Dubuque in April, 1839, his diocese contained two churches, St. Raphael's in Dubuque, built in 1836, and St. Anthony's in Davenport, built in 1838. In all the vast territory subject to him there was but one priest, the Rev. Samuel Mazzuchelli, O. P., who had been lalsouring in the territory since 1835 and under whose direction the two churches referred to had been built. Bishop Loras brought with him two priests, the Rev. Joseph Cretin, afterwards first Bishop of St. Paul, and the Rev. J. A. M. Pelamourgues, whom the people of St. Anthony's parish, Davenport, and indeed of the whole Diocese of Davenport, venerate as their first resident pastor. Father Pelamourgues, the first citizen of Davenport in his day, a leader in every good work, was pastor of St. Anthony's from 1839 to 1868. Of the generous, zealous laity associated with him in his work in those early days, Mr. and Mrs. Antoine Le Claire deserve special mention. Notable among their benefactions was the donation to the church of the block of ground in the heart of the city on which St. Anthony's church was built.

Growth of Catholiclsm. — Bishop Loras and his succ('ssors in the See of Dubuque did much to pro- mote the immigration to Iowa of German and Irish Catholics, with the result that Iowa has a large Cath- olic rural population. Between the years 1840 and 1850 the immber of resident i)astors in the present Diocese of Davenport increased from one to five. By

the year 1860 the nimtiber had increased to thirteen, and by 1870 to twenty. During the decade following 1870 the tide of Catholic immigration was heavy, ana at the time of its formation, in 1881, the diocese con- tained seventy priests and a Catholic population esti- mated at 45,00. Since its formation the diocese has had a continuous, healthy growth.

Bishops. — (1) John McMullen, was born in Bally- nahinich, Co. Down, Ireland, 8 January, 1832, and ordained priest in Rome, 20 June, 1858. He was con- secrated, 25 July, ISSl, at Chicago, where at the time of his appointment to Davenport, he was vicar-gen- eral. He entered with zeal and vigour into the work of organizing the new diocese. The cause of Catholic education was his especial concern. St. Ambrose College was founded by him in September, 1882. His health soon failed, and he died 4 July, 1883.

(2) Henry Cosqrove, second bishop, was born at Williamsport, Pennsylvania, U. S. A., 19 December, 1834. He emigrated to Dubuque in 1845 and was or- dained priest 7 August, 1857. He was assigned at once to St. Marguerite's, Davenport, with which church he was ever afterwards connected. When Bishop McMullen went to Davenport, he chose St. Marguerite's for his cathedral church and made Father Cosgrove his vicar-general. Father Cosgrove was consecrated Bishop of Davenport, 14 September, 1884, and for more than twenty-two years gave his best efforts to the cau.se of religion in his diocese. Under his guidance many new churches were erected; schools and other institutions established or en- larged. Worthy of .special mention are the Sacred Heart cathedral, St. Vincent's home for orphans, and St. Ambrose College.

(3) Two years before his death, Bishop Cosgrove, enfeebled in health, was given a coadjutor in the per- son of his vicar-general, the \'ery Rev. James Davis. Bishop Davis was born in Ireland in 1852, ordained priest in 1878, was consecrated coadjutor to Bishop Cosgrove, 30 Nov., 1904, and on the death of the latter became Bishop of Davenport.

Statistics. — The religious communities repre- sented in the diocese include the Benedictines, who have charge of four parishes, and the Redemptor- ists who have one; the Sisters of St. Benedict, Sisters of Charity B. V. M., Sisters of Charity of St. V. de Paul, Hospital Sisters of St. Francis, School Sisters of St. Francis, Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration, Sisters of the Holy Humility of Mary, Sisters of Mary, School Sisters of Notre Dame, Sisters of St. Francis of Assisi, Sisters of the Holy Cross. The number of priests in 1908 was 138, and the number of Catholics 75,518. The diocese then contained 154 churches, 105 of which had resident pastors, 43 par- ochial schools, 9 hospitals, 7 academies for young ladies, 1 college for boys, and 1 orphan asylum.

Church Directorv (1840-1908); Kempker, Hislory of the Catholic Church in Iowa (1884); DeCailly. Li/co/ Bishop Loras (New York, 1897); McGovehn, Life of Bishop McMullen (Milwaukee, 1888).

Wm. p. Shannahan.

David (Degui, Dewi), Saint, Bishop and Con- fessor, patron of Wales. He is usually represented standing on a little hill, with a dove on his shoulder. From time immemorial the Welsh have worn a leek on St. David's day, in memory of a battle against the Saxons, at which it is said they wore leeks in their hats, by St. David's advice, to distinguish them from their enemies. He is commemorated on 1 March. The earliest mention of St. David is found in a tenth- century MS. of the " .Vnnales Cambri:e", which assigns his death to a. d. (iOl. Many other writers, from Geoffrey'of Monmo\ith down to Father Richard Stan- ton, hold that he died about 544, but their opinion is based solely on data given in various late "lives" of i St. David, and there seems no good reason for setting aside the definite statement of the "Annales Cam-

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