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 DANTISCUS

634

DARDANUS

result of these published a translation with commen- tary of the Psahus under the title: "Les psauraes tra- duits sur I'hubreu avec des notes" (Paris, 1739). This work attracted so much attention that in the same year a second, and in the following year a third, edition became necessary. In collaboration with Dom Carpentier he pieparcd a new edition of the great lexicon originally ijublished in 1678 by Du Cange, and afterwards continued by the Maurists, its first Bene- dictine editor being Dom Guesni^, who was followed by Nicolas Toustain and Louis Le Pelletier. The edi- tion of Dantine and Carpentier, half as large again as that of Du Cange, appeared in six volumes at Paris, 1733-36, under the title: "Glossarium ad scriptores mediae et infimae latinitatis, editio locupletior opera et studio monachorum O. S. B." Dantine's labours greatly increased the value of this admirable work, which Ls not only of the utmost importance for the knowledge of Latin, but is also a rich source for the study of law and morals in the Middle Ages.

Tassin, Hisloire lillcraire de la confjregation de Saint-Maur, II, 365 sqq.; Lam.\, Bihliothique des ccrivains de la congrt'oation de Saint-MauT, 481.

Patricius Schlager.

Dantiscus, John von Hofen. See Ermi.and, Diocese (.if.

Da Ponte, Lorenzo, poet, b. at Ceneda, Italy, 1749; d. in New York, 17 Aug., 1838. He was the son of a Jew and was at first named Emmanuel Cone- gliano. When he was fourteen years old his father and the other members of the family embraced Chris- tianity and were baptized, 20 Aug., 1763, in the cath- edral of Ceneda. The bishop of the see, Lorenzo Da Ponte, seeing the talents of the lad, gave him his own name and sent him to the local seminary to be edu- cated. Here Da Ponte remained for five years, and then went to teach in the University of Treviso. Political complications sent him to Vienna, where he met Mozart and composed for him the librettos of the operas " Le Nozze di Figaro", "Don Giovanni", and " Cosi fan tutte ". He did not remain long in Vienna, but went to London, whence, after a somewhat chequered career, he emigrated to New York. Un- successful commercial ventures and unprofitable ef- forts to establish opera in that city followed, and he then settled down as a teacher of Italian with a nomi- nal connexion with Columbia College. Da Ponte en- joys the distinction of being the first teacher in Amer- ica to lecture on Dante 's " Divina Commedia ". He was buried in the old Catholic cemetery in East Eleventh Street, and as the grave was never marked it cannot now be located. His daughter married Dr. Henry James Anderson, for many years professor of mathe- matics and astronomy in Columbia College, and a prominent Catholic philanthropist.

Marchesan, Delta vita e delle opere di Lorenzo da Ponte {Tre- viso, 1900); Grove, Dictionary of Music and Musicians (Lon- don, 1904), III; U. .S. Cath. Hist. Soc. Hist., Records and Studies (New York, Nov., 1907), V, Part I.

Thomas F. Meehan.

Darboy, Georges, Archbishop of Paris and eccle- siastical writer, b. at Fayl-Billot, near Langres, 1813; killed by Communists at Paris, 24 May, 1871. Or- dained priest in 1836, he served for a time as curate of Notre-Dame at Saint-Dizier and as professor at the Grand S^minaire of Langres, then joined Mgr. Affre at Paris, 1845, where from "pretre auxiliaire a la maison des Carmes" and chaplain of the Lycee Henri- IV, he soon rose to the position of canon of Notre- Dame, vicar-general and archdeacon of Saint- Denis, having previously been made prothonotary Apostolic. In 1859 he was appointed to the See of Nancy. Dur- ing his three years as incumbent of that see, he took a special interest in educational matters, established the Ecole Saints Leopold, erJarged the GrandS^minaire, and wrote (1862) his famous letter, "Sur la n6cessit6

de I'^tude". Promoted by an imperial decree of 10 January, 1863, to the Archbishopric of Paris, made vacant by the death of Mgr. Morlot, he consecrated within a year the basilica of Notre-Dame, then com- pletely restored, and was honoured with the titles of Grand Almoner, Senator, and Imperial Councillor. Thoiiyh larking the independence of Mgr. AfTre, the adiiiiMislrativc skill of Mgr. Sibour, and the affability of Cardinal Morlot, Darljoy was a learned, conscien- tious, and respected prelate. With the help of such men as Buquet, Isoard, Langenieux, Meignan, and Foulon, he gave a new impetus to the somewhat remiss administration of his aged predecessor. The Galli- canism of Darboy made him unduly subservient to imperial wishes and caused him to assume against the exemptions of the religious an attitude which Rome (1869) compelled him to abandon. It was his chief motive for siding, during the Vatican Council, with the minority which deemed inopportune the definition of papal infallibility, his reasons being more of a politi- cal than of a theological nature. Darboy was one of those who suggested diplomatic intervention as a means of ending difficulties. He left Rome before the final vote of 18 July, 1870, and expressed sentiments which, however, he generously retracted when, several months after the definition, he subscribed to it. Dur- ing the siege of Paris Darboy showed himself a true pastor and won the admiration of all. Arrested 4 April, 1871, by order of the Commune, and confined to Mazas Prison, the best efforts of his friends failed to save him; he was shot at Roquette, 24 May, and died blessing his executioners. As soon as order could be restored a national funeral was celebrated for him and the other victims of the Commune. The Abb6 Perraud delivered his eulogy at Paris, and Pere Didon at Nancy. Darboy was the author of the following works: "(Euvres de saint Denys I'Ar^opagite, tradui- tes du grec" (Paris, 1845); " Les femmes de la Bible" (Paris, 1846-9); " Les saintes femmes " (Paris, 1850); "Lettres a Combalot" (Paris, 1851); "Jerusalem et la terre sainte" (Paris, 1852); "L'imitation de J6sus- Christ, traduction nouvelle" (Paris, 1852); "Statis- tique religieuse du diocese de Paris" (Paris, 1856); "Saint Thomas Becket" (Paris, 1858). He also con- tributed to the "Correspondant" (1847-1855) and was for a year (1850) director of the " Moniteur Catho- lique". His pastoral works (2 vols., Paris, 1876) were edited by his biographer, Foulon.

Foulon, Histoire de la vie et des wuvres de Mgr Darboy (Paris, 1889); Jerome in L'episcopat francais. ISOS-IMS (Paris, 1907). 390; Pisani tibid., 463) gives an exhaustive bibli- ography; Darboy et le Saint-Siege, documents ini'dits in Rev. d'hist. et de lit. relig. (May-June, 1907).

J. F. SOLLIER.

Darbyists. See Plymouth Brethren.

Dardanus, a titular see in the province of Helles- pont, suffragan of Cyzicus. Four or five bishops are known, from 431 or 451 to 879 (Lequien, Or. Christ., I, 775). Dardanus figures in "Notititia; episcopa- tuimi ' ' as late as the twelfth or thirteenth centiu-y. The town seems to have been situated some seven miles south-west of the Dardanelles, near Kefez Bournou. However, the town called Dardanelles (Gr. Darda- nellia; Turk. Kaleh-i-Sultanieh, "imperial fortress"; and commonly Tchanak Kaleh, "the fortress of pot- tery") is the moilern repre.<ientative of the ancient Dardanus. It is an important purt on the straits which unite the Marmora with the .Mediterranean (Straits of Dardanelles, the ancient Ilpllespont). The popula- tion is about 8000 (Turks, Greeks, Jews, a few Arme- nians, and Europeans). The little Catliolic parish is conducted bj- a secular priest and the school is under Georgian Sisters, Servants of Maiy. There is also an American Protestant mission. Dardanelles is the chief town of a sanjak, which depends directly on the Sublime Porte, and is strongly fortified. Every ship entering or cjuitting the straits must stop at Dardar