Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 4.djvu/70

 CLENOCK

48

CLERC

eighth century; d. perhaps in France, probably after 818. About the year 771 he set out for France. His biographer, an Irish monk of St. Gall, who wrote his Acts, dedicated to Charles the Fat (d. 888), says that St. Clement, with his companion Albinus, or Ailbe, arrived in Gaul, in 772, and announced himself as a vender of learning. So great was the fame of Clement and Ailbe that Charlemagne sent for them to come to his court, where they stayed for some months. Ailbe was then given the direction of a monastery near Pavia, but Clement was requested to remain in France as the master of a higher school of learning. These events may have taken place in the winter of the j'ear 774, after Charlemagne had been in Italy. St. Clement was regent of the Paris school from 775 until his death. It was not until 782 that Alcuin be- came master of the royal school at Aachen, but even the fame of Alcuin in no wise diminished the acknowl- edged reputation of Clement. No serious writer of to-day thinks of repeating the legend to the effect that St. Clement was founder of the University of Paris, but, as there is a substratum of truth in most legends, the fact remains that this remarkable Irish scholar planted the mustard seed which developed into a great tree of learning at Paris. Many anecdotes are related of St. Clement's life, especially as regards his success as a teacher of youth. Among his pupils were Bruno, Modestus, and Candidus, who had been placed under his care in 803 by Ratgar, Abbot of Fulda. When Alcuin retired to Tours in 796, his post as rector of the School of the Palace was naturally given to St. Clement. In 803, as an old man, Alcuin wrote from his retirement to Charlemagne, queru- lously commenting on " the daily increasing influence of the Irish at the School of the Palace". Alcuin died 19 May, 804, and Charlemagne survived till 28 Janu- ary, 814. St. Clement is probably identical with the person of this name W'ho wrote the biography of Charlemagne, but the question has not been defi- nitely settled. Colgan says that he was living in 818, and gives the date of Clement's death as 20 March and the place as Auxerre, where he was interred in the church of Saint-Amator.

Colgan, Acta Sand. Hib.; Harris ed., Wrilers of Ireland, III; 'L\moAX, Ecd. Hist, of Ireland, III; VastiKR, Vet. Epist. Hib. Sylloge (Dublin, 1632); Canisu-s, Anliquai Lecliones, II; O'Hanlon, Lives of Ihe Irish Saints (Dublin, 1875), III.

W. H. Gr.^ttan-Flgod.

Cienock (or Clynog), Maurice, date of birth un- known, d. about 1580. He was b. in Wales and educated at O.xford. where he was admitted Bachelor of Canon Law in 1548. During Mary's reign he be- came almoner and secretary to Cardinal Pole, preben- dary of York, rector of Orpington (Kent), and dean of Shoreham and Croydon, and chancellor of the jirerogative court of Canterbury. In 1556 he was made rector of Corwen in the Diocese of St. Asaph, and on the deathof the Bishopof Bangor in 1558 was nominated to the vacant see, but was never conse- crated, owing to the change of religion under Eliza- beth. Surrendering all his preferments, he accom- panied Bishop Goldwell of St. Asaph to Rome, where they residei.s(>" (Letter to Dr. Lewis, 12 May, 157!)). Despite his personal good qualities lie did not prove a cmnpeti-nt ruler. He was accused of unduly favouring liis fcllow-countrv- men at the expense of the Engli.sh stuilcnts. who numbered thirty-three as against seven Wclslim.n. I'cehng ran so high that, as Alien wrote, ".Mi.schief

and murder had like to have been committed in ip.TO collegia" (letter cited above). The students, having unsuccessfully appealed to the pope, left the college, and finally the pope, in April, 1579, appointed Father Agazzari, S. J., rector, lea-ving Dr. Cienock still war- den of the hospital. He retired, however, in 1580 to Rouen, where he took shi]> for Spain, but was lost at sea. In contemporary documents he is frequently referred to as "Dr. Morrice".

DoDD, Church History (Brussels, 1737), I, 513. alsoTlERNEY's edition (London, 1839). II, 167 sqq.; Kirk, Catholic Miscellany (London, 1826), VI, 255; Knox, Historical Introduction to Douay Diaries (London, 1878); Foley, Records Eng. Prov. S. J. (London, 1S80), Introduction; Knox, Letters and Memo- rials of Cardinal Allen (London, 1882); Gillow, Bibl. Did. Eng. Cath. (London, 1885), I, 501; Cooper in Did. Nat. Bioq. (London, 1887), XI, 37; Law. Jesuits and Seculars in the Reign of Elizabeth (London, 1889); .Sander, Report to Cardinal Moroni in Cath. Record Soc. Miscellanea (London, 1905), I; Parsons, Memoirs in Cath. Record Soc. M Lscellaiiea (London, 1906), II.

Edwin Burton.

Cleophas, according to the Catholic English ver- sions the name of two persons mentioned in the New Testament. In Greek, however, the names are dif- ferent, one being Cleopas, abbreviated form of Cleo- patros, and the other Clopas. The first one, Cleopas, was one of the two disciples to whom the risen Lord appeared at Emmaus (Luke, xxiv, 18). We have no reliable data concerning him; his name is entered in the martyrology on the 25th of September. (See Acta Sanctorum, Sept., VII, 5 sqq.) The second, Clopas, is mentioned in St. John, xix, 25, where a Mary is called JVIapfa 17 toO KXuird, which is generally translated by "Mary the wife of Clopas". This name, Clopas, is thought by many to be the Greek transliteration of the Aramaic '2^n, AlpluEus. This view is based on the identification of Mary, the mother of James etc. (Mark, xv, 40) with Mary, the wife of Clopas, and the consequent identity of Alphseus, father of James (Mark, iii, 18), with Clopas. Etymologically, however, the identification of the two names offers serious difficulties: (1) Al- though the letter //ef/i is occasionally rendered in Greek by Kappa at the end and in the middle of words, it is very seldom so in the beginning, where the aspirate is better protected; examples of this, however, are given by Le\'y (Sem. Fremdworter in Griech.) ; but (2) even if this difficulty was met, Clopa.'i would suppose an Aramaic Halophai, not Hal pat. (3) The SjTiac ver- sions have rendered the Greek Clopas with a Qoph, not with a Heth, as they would have done naturally had they been conscious of the identity of Clopas and Halpai; Alpha?us is rendered with a Heth (occasion- ally Aleph). For these reasons, others see in Clopas a substitute for Cleopas, with the contraction of eo into w. In Greek, it is true, eo is not contracted into u, but a Semite, borrowing a name, did not necessarily follow the rules of Greek contraction. In fact, in Mishnic Hebrew the name Cleopatra is rendered by N^DD■l^p, Clopalra, and hence the Greek Cleopas might be rendered by Clopas. See also, Chabot, "Journ. Asiat.", X, 327 (1897). Even if, etymo- logically, the two names are different they may have been borne by one man, and the question of the identity of Alphseus and Clopas is still open. If the two persons are distinct, then we know nothing of Clopas beyond the fact recorded in St. John; if, on the contrary, they are identified, Clopas' personality is or may be closely connected with the history of the brethren of the Lord and of James the Less. (See Brethren of the Lord; James the Less.)

S™E<;r,. Jakohus der Bruder des Herrn (Munich. 1883);

Ni...i I, .ili>h.,:is „,i,l /v'/,-,i-;,s in rAfil'j-fiosi^or (188S),79 sqq.;

Wv wi 1. I ■-• I ,~ .. A ' .N ill Theolog. Stud. u. Krit. (1883).

(.'ii ..,, ,1 V. ,.■ t, I I!, \ I . , /' .7 dc la Bib., s.v. Atphie ; also ciiiiiiH-iilnnr-. .Ill ,!.ilni, \i\, j:. R. BUTIN.

Clerc, AxExis. See Commune, Mahtyrs qv the Paris.