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 DALLEY

606

DALMATIA

pupils, 14 ecclesiastical students, 1 industrial school (50 pupils) ; 1 orphan asylum (83 inmates) ; 6 hospi- tals; total Catholic population (estimated) 60,000.

Catholic Direclory (1908); Reuss, Biog. Cyd. of the Caih. Hierarchy of the U. S. (Milwaukee, 1898).

Sister M. Augustine Enright.

Dalley, Williaji Bede, lawyer and statesman, b. in Sydney, New South Wales, 1831 ; d. there 28 Octo- ber, ISSS. He was educated in part at St. Mary's College, Sydney, and was called to the Bar in 1856. In 1857 he became a representative of Sydney in the first parliament elected under responsible government in New South Wales; was solicitor-general (1858-9), and attorney-general (1875-7, 1883-5). After the fall of Khartoum (1885) Dalley (then acting-premier) dis- patched a contingent of nine hundred men to the Su- dan to aid the imperial troops. Dalley, who had declined a knighthood and the office of Chief Justice of New South Wales, was in 1887 appointed a member of the Privy Council — the first Australian on whom that honour was conferred. He was regarded as the fore- most lay representative and champion of the Catholic body, was noted for his jiarliamentary and forensic eloquence, and was endowed with considerable liter- ary ability. Many of his newspaper articles and sketches were reprinted in 1866 inBarton's "Poets and Prose Writers of New South Wales".

Heaton, Australian Dictionary of Dates {Sydney, 1879); Mennell, Dictionary of Australasian Biography (London, 1892); Parkes, Fifty Years in the Making of Australian His- tory (London, 1892); Moran. History of the Catholic Church in Australasia (Sydney, s. d.); Carlyle in Diet. Nat, Biog., Suppl.,

II. s. V. Henhy W. Cleaby..

Dalmaeio. See Scannabecchi.

Dalmatia, a part of the Kingdom of Croatia accord- ing to a convention entered into between Croatia and Hungary. It stretches along the eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea from Croatia on the north to Montenegro in the south and is bounded by Bosnia and Herzegovina on the cast. The Velebic moun- tains separate it from Croatia, the highest peaks of which are Sveto brdo (5774 ft.) or Holy Mountain, the dwelling of fairies according to popular legend, Viseruna (5350 ft.) and Vaganski vrh (5563 ft.). The eastern frontier lines are formed by the Dinaric Alps, rimning parallel to the sea, highest elevation being 5940 ft. The highest peak in Dalmatia is Mount Orjen (6225 ft.). The coast is steep and rocky and lined by many islands: Pago, Rab, and Krk on the northern Croatian coast; the first rises to a height of 885 ft., the last to 1338 ft. Islands of lesser import- ance are Cres, Losinj, Osor, Uljan. On the south lies Brae with the mountain of St. Vid (2574 ft.), Hvar with St. Nicholas (2078 ft.), and Korcula (1879 ft.); lastly Lastovo, Mljet, and Vis. The principal natural harbours are: Zadar, Trogir, Sibenik, Gruz, Peljesac, Kotor, Hvar, Vis, and Mljet. Dalmatia is poor in water, though the rainfalls make temporary lakes. The only rivers of importance are: Krka (Titius) and Cetina (Tilurus) flowing from the Dinara moim tains; the former has interesting falls and wild scenery. Neretva (Naro) belongs chiefly to Herzegovina. The climate is warm and healthy. The temperature varies between 57° F. at Zadar, 62° at Hvar, and 63° at Dubrovnik. The prevailing wind is the sirocco or south-east, but the terrible Boora or north-east, may blow at any season of the year. The land is fit chiefly for pasture. Barley, wheat, maize, oats, rye, millet, beeroot, hemp, and potatoes are rai.sed in small quan- tities. Asses and mules are used as beasts of burden. Mines of coal, asphalt, lignite, salt are under develop- ment. Among the industries are the distillation of liquors, the manufacture of oil. tile-burning, the rais- ing of timber, wine-growing, and shii>-buil(ling. Otiier products of the country are cheese, honey, .silk, and sardines. Railroads are nearly tmknown in Dalmatia, although there is urgent need of them. Commerce is further hampered by a bureaucratic administration.

Coast navigation is gradually taking on greater pro- portions and extending through the Adriatic and Mediterranean Seas. The capital of Dalmatia is Za- dar, where the Diet meets when convoked by the king. It is composed of forty-three members, and is represented in Vienna by eleven delegates elected by direct vote. The archbishop is a member of the Diet. The head of the Royal Dalmatian Government is a governor appointed by the king. Dalmatia is the most neglected country under Austrian rule. The population consists of Croats, who are in the majority, Serbs, Italians, and Albanians (about 10 per cent). Croatian is now the official language.

Religion and Schools. — The general educational in- stitutions are public schools (with 5 classes), while in every village or hamlet there is an elementary school. There are also middle schools or gymnasia (with 8 classes), colleges and private institutions, a central seminary for priests at Zadar, and a petit scminaire at Dubrovnik. There are also a naval and an agricul- tural school. The majority of the inhabitants are Catholics. There are also Orthodox Greeks and a few Jews. There are many magnificent churches and ec- clesiastical buildings which date back many centuries to the flourishing times of the Church. The archaeo- logical museums at Bihac and Ivnin contain much historical material illustrating early Christianity and the period of the oldest Croatian rulers. There is a literary society, "Matica Dalmatinska", which pub- lishes valuable books every year. The "Matica Hrvatska'', at Zagreb, and the St. Jerome Society do the same for popular books. The Catholic press is represented by weeklies and periodicals such as " Aca- demia Paleoslovenica ", at Krk (Veglia). Through- out Dalmatia, including the adjoining islands, as well as on the Croatian coast, the Old Croatian language called Glagolitic is still in use at church services. This comes down from the times of Sts. Cyril and Methodius also. The right to use the Glagolitic language at Mass with the Roman Rite has prevailed for many cen- turies in all the south-western Balkan countries, and has been sanctioned by long practice and by many popes. The religious orders are well represented in Dalmatia by the Dominicans, Franciscans, Jesuits, and others, as well as by many communities of religious women. In the administration of church affairs the civil authorities accept the principles of canon law. The Concordat was abolished by the laws of 1874, and a civil marriage law was introduced in 1867. The ir- removable rectors must contribute to the expenses of worship according to the provisions of the law. The State administers the church property and lays down the conditions for establishing new parishes. The archbishops, bishops, and canons are nominated by the king, and invested by the pope. The ecclesiasti- cal province of Dalmatia was erected by Leo XII in 1828, by the Bull "Locum beati Petri", when the two Archbishoprics of Spljet and Dubrovnik were sup- pressed, and Zadar was made the see of the arch- bishop. The province comprises five bishoprics: Sibenik, Spljet, Hvar, Dubrovnik, and Kotor. The Bishopric of Krk was joined by Pope Pius VIII to the province of Goricza. There are 527,500 Catholics in Dalmatia and 80,900 Greek schismatics with two bishoprics at Zadar and in Kotor.

History. — The meaning of the name Dalmatia or Delmatia, which is of Arnautic origin, is "land of shepherds" (delminium — pasture for sheep). The earliest mention of the name occurs at the time of the fall of the southern Illyric kingdom, 167 B. c. The people who dwelt near the rivers Neretva and Krka formed a league against tlie advancing Romans. Their principal town was Delminium, on the present plain of Sinj, or possibly Duvno in Herzegovina, and after that city the tribes called themselves Delmati, or Dalmati, 170 b. c. The islands were peopled by the Greeks; but the mainland by the lUyrians. The