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CURIUM

may have charge of incompetent persons of any age. Finally, a tutor cannot be commissioned for a particu- lar or determined duty, though a curator may receive such an appointment. When the ward of a tutor has reached his majority, the tutor may become curator until the ward is twenty-five years of age, but he can- not be compelled to undertake such a charge. Cura- tors, according to law, are to be constituted for those who are mentally weak, for prodigals, and those ad- dicted inordinately to gambling. The administration of property cannot, however, be taken from a person merely because he lives luxuriously. Curators may also be appointed for captives, for the absent, and the deaf and dumb. A husband may not be constituted curator for his wife.

Before the curator enters upon the administration of property, he is obliged to give proper bond for his fidelity. Whatever salary he receives must be deter- mined by a judge. If he did not demand a salary at the beginning of his administration, but later requests one, the j udge is to fix the amount of such salary only for the future, not for the past. The obligation of a curator to render an account of his administration after the time of wardship has past constitutes an ecclesiastical impediment to entrance into the religious state until such obligation has been duly discharged. As regards the administration of property, curators are obhged to take such care of it as would a diligent parent. They are therefore to see that the rents are collected, that the yearly income be not lessened, that less useful goods be sold, and that money be not al- lowed to lie idle. In case the property of the ward suffer by the administration of the curator, the latter is obliged in conscience to make restitution, if the de- terioration was caused by culpable negligence on his part.

Ferrams, Bibl. Canon., s. v. Tiitela (Rome, 1891), VII; An- dre-Wagner, Diet, du droit can. (Paris, 1901).

William H. W. Fanning.

Cure d'Ars. See Jean - B.^ptiste Viannet, Blessed.

Cure of Souls (Lat. cura animarum), technically, the exercise of a clerical office involving the instruc- tion, by sermons and admonitions, and the sanctifica- tion, through the sacraments, of the faithful in a de- termined district, by a person legitimately appointed for the purpose. Those specially having cure of souls are the pope for the entire Church, the bishops in their dioceses, and the parish priests in their respective par- ishes. Others may likewise have part in the cure of souls in subordination to these. Thus in missionary countries where episcopal sees have not yet been erected, those who labour for the salvation of souls are in a special manner sharers of the particular re- sponsibility of the Vicar of Christ for those regions. In like manner, a parish priest may have curates who attend to the wants of a particular portion of the par- ish, subordinate to himself. The object of the cure of souls is the salvation of men, and hence it is a continua- tion of Christ's mission on earth. As the Redeemer es- tablished a church which was to govern, teach, and sanctify the world, it necessarily follows that those who are to assist in the work of the Church must ob- tain their mission from her alone. " How shall they preach, unless they be sent?" (Rom., x, 15).

The canonical nii.'ision of a priest Ls derived from the Apostolic succession in the Church. This succession is twofold: Holy orders and authority. The first is perpetuated by means of bishops; tlie latter by the living magistracy of the Church, of which the head is the pope, who is the source of jurisdiction. Both ele- nents enter into the mission of him who has cure of souls: Holy orders, that he may offer sacrifice and administer the sacraments, which are the ordinary channels of sanctification employed by the Holy Ghost; and jurisdiction, that he may teach correct

doctrine, free his subjects from sins and censures, and govern them in accordance with the canons of the Church. The power of Holy orders is radically com- mon to all priests by virtue of their valid ordination, but the power of jurisdiction is ordinary only in pope, bishops, and parish priests, and extraordinary or dele- gated in others. It is plain, then, that while valid orders may exist outside the Catholic Church, juris- diction cannot, as its so\irce is the Vicar of Christ and it is possessed only so far as he confers it or does not limit it. The duties of those who have cure of souls are all carefully defined in the sacred canons. (See Pope; Blshop; Parish Priest.)

We have here touched only upon what is common to the idea of a pastor of the faithful. It is plain that the closer the bond existing between the subordinate members of the hierarchy and their superiors, and be- tween pastors and their people, the more eifective will be the work done for the salvation of souls. If the pastor be earnest in preaching and admonishing, un- remitting in the tribunal of penance and visitation of the sick, charitable to the poor, kind yet firm in his dealings with all the members of his flock, observant of the regulations of the Church as to his office and particularly that of dwelling among his people (see Residence, Ecclesiastical), that he may know them and bring them succour at all times ; and if, on the other hand, the people be truly desirous for their own salvation, obedient towards their pastor, zealous to obtain and employ the means of sanctification, and mindful of their obligations as members of a parish to enable their pastor to institute and improve the parochial institutions necessary for the proper further- ance of the object of the Church, we shall have the true idea of the cure of souls as intentled by Christ and as legislated for in the canons of His Church.

Smith, Elements of Ecclesiastical Low (New York, 1S95), I; tnstructio Pastoralis Eycstettensis (Freiburg, 1900); Bouix, De Parocho (Paris, 1880, 3rd ed.).

Willlam H. W. Fanning. Curi, Diocese op. See Sabina. Curia Romana. See Roman Citria.

Curityba do Parana, Diocese of (CrrRTTUBENsis DE Parana), suffragan of Sao Sebastiao (Rio de Ja- neiro), Brazil. The city of Curityba, on the Iguazu River, was settled in 1 654 and became the capital of the State of Parand in 1831. It lies in a fertile plain 3200 feet above sea-level, and has gold mines in the vicinity. Erected by Bull of Leo XIII, "Ad Universas" (27 April, 1892), the Diocese of Curityba embraces the states of Parand and Santa Catarina, an area of 114,087 sq. m., and contains a Catholic population of 600,900, with 69 parishes, 68 secular and 21 regular priests, 2 religious orders of men and 3 of women, 1 seminary, 2 colleges, and 1 Catholic school with an at- tendance of 350.

Battandier, Ann. pont. calk. (Paris, 1906); Ann. eccl. (Rome, 1908).

F. M. RUDGE.

Curium, a titular .see of Cyprus, suppressed in 1222 by the papal legate, Pelagius. Koureus, son of Kiny- ras, is said to have founded Kourion on the south- west coast of Cyprus, west of Cajie Kourias (now Gata), and to ha\'e settled a colony of Argives there in 1595 B. c. The city became the capital of one of the kingdoms in the island. On the site of tlie ruins is the modern village of Ejiiskopi ('Eirio-xoTrTj), near the sea, on the right bank of the Lykos; it was here that Cesnola discovered the many precious antiquities now in the MetrojioMtan Museum, New York City. In the Middle Ages Kpiskopi belonged first to the Ibelin family, counts of Jaffa, and later to the Vene- tian family of Cornaro, wlio ownotl valuable sugar- cane plantations there. It is still the centre of a very fertile district. The tomb of St. Hermogencs and ms