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distingiiished by his desire of dying for the Faith. Speaking of these fifteen courageous Christians, Father Goldie says: " For reasons which we have now no means of judging, the Cause of these companions of the five Martyrs was not brought forward before the Archbishop of the time; nor smce then has any special cultus, or the interposition of God by miracle, called the attention of the Church to them. But we may hope that their blood was in the odour of sweet- ness before God ".

D'SouzA, Oriente Conquistado; Goldie. First Christum Mis- sion to the Great Mogul; The Blessed Martyrs of Cimcolim; Graci.^s, Uma Donna Portugueza na Cdrte do Gr&o-Mogol (1907). A. X. D'SouzA.

CunegundeS) Blessed, Poor Clare and patroness of Poland and Lithuania; b. in 1224; d. 24 July, 1292, at Sandeck. Poland. She was the daughter of King Bela IV and niece of St. Elizabeth of Hungarj-, and from her infancy it pleased God to give tokens of the eminent sanctity to which she was later to attain. With extreme reluctance she consented to her mar- riage with Boleslaus II, Duke of Cracow and Sando- mir, who afterwards became Iving of Poland. Not long after their marriage, the pious couple made a vow of perpetual chastity in the presence of the Bishop of Cracow ; and Cunegundes, amidst the splendour and pomp of the royal household, gave herself up to the practice of the severest aiLsterities. She often visited the poor and the sick in the hospitals, and cared even for the lepers with a charity scarcely less than heroic. In 1279, King Boleslaus died, and Cunegundes, de- spite the entreaties of her people that she should take in hand the government of the kingdom, sold all her earthly possessions for the relief of the poor and en- tered the monastery of the Poor Clares at Sandeck. The remaining thirteen years of her life she spent in prayer and penance, edifying her fellow religious by her numerous virtues, especially by her heroic humil- ity. She never permitted anyone to refer to the fact that slie had once been a queen and was foundress of the community at Sandeck.

The cultus of Blessed Cimegundes was approved by Pope Alexander VIII in 1690; in 1695 she was made chief patroness of Poland and Lithuania by a decree of the Congregation of Rites, confirmed by Clement XI. Her feast Ls kept in the Order of Friars Minor on the 27th of July.

Acta SS., July, V. 661-783; Leo, Lives of the Saints and Blessed of the Three Orders of St. Francis (Taunton. LSS6), II.

523-529. Stephen M. Donovan.

Cuneo, Diocese of (Cuneensis) , suffragan to Turin. Cuneo is the capital of the province of that name in Piedmont. Northern Italy, agreeably situated on a hill between the Rivers Stura and the Ge.sso. Orig- inally the city belonged to the Diocese of Mondovi. In 1817 Pius VII made it an episcopal see. The cathedral is verj- ancient and beautiful, remodelled, however, in the sixteenth centurj'. The painting over the main altar representing St. John the Baptist and St. Michael is the work of the Jesuit Father Pozzi, who painted also at Rome the ceiling of the great Church of St. Ignatius. The first bishop of Cuneo was Amadco Bruno di Samone. The diocese has a population of 111.200, with fil parishes, 190 churches and chapels, 220 secular and 20 regular priests, 3 religious houses of men, 27 of women, and 13 educa- tional institutions.

C*PPF.I,I.F.1TI. Le chicse d: Italia (Venice, 1844'), XIV, 345-56; Ann. ecel. (Rome, 1907), 440-42; Vineib, Stona di Cuneo (Cuneo, 1858).

U. Benioni.

Cunningham, J. B. See Concordia, Dioce.se of.

Cuoq, .Vxdrk-Jean, philologist, b. at LePuy, France, 1S21; d. at Oka near Montreal, 1898. Jean Cuoq entered the Company of Saint-Sulpice in 1844,

and two years later was sent to Canada. In 1847 he was put in charge of the mission at the Lac des Deux- Montagnes. So ambitious was he to fulfil well the duties of his ministry that in a short time he ac- quired a perfect knowledge of the Iroquois and the -Algonquin dialects. His numerous works, all pub- hshed at Montreal, gained liim admission to many scientific societies of Europe and -^nerica. We have from his pen: " Le Livre des sept nations" (1861); "Jugement errone de M. Ernest Renan sur les langues sauvages" (1864); " Etudes philosophiques sur quelques langues sauvages" (1860); "Quels ^taient les sauvages que rencontra Jacques Cartier sur les rives du S.-Laurent?" in ".\nnales de philoso- pliie chr^tienne" (1869); " Lexique de la langue iro- quoise" (1882); "Lexique de la langue algonquine" (1886); "Gramraaire de la langue algonquine, ins^r^e dans les m^moires [IX-X] de la society royale du Canada" (1891-92); ",4noet Kekon" (ibid., 1893); " Nouveau manuel algonquin " (1893). He wrote also many other works destined to further the christianiza- tion of the Indians.

BuUelin trimesl. des anc. elives de S.-Sulpiee (October, 1898); Bertrand, Bibl. sulpic. (Paris, 1900), III; Notice biog. sur I'abbe Cuoq (Royal Society of Canada, 1899).

A. FoURNET.

Cupola. — A spherical ceiUng, or a bowl-shaped vault, rising like an inverted cup over a circular, square, or multangular building or any part of it. The term, properly speaking, is confined to the under side, or ceiling, of a dome, and is frequently on a dif- ferent plane from the dome which surrounds it out- side. It is also sometimes applied to the dome (but for this there is no authority), and to a small room, either circular or polygonal, standing on the top of a dome, which is called by some a lantern. A cupola does not necessarily presuppose a dome, and the latter is often found surmounting flat surfaces. The signifi- cance of the term is in its form and has nothing to do either mth the material used or with its method of construction. According to Lindsay, the cupola of San Vitale, at Ravenna, became the model of all those executed in Europe for several centuries. This cupola is of remarkable construction, being built wholly of hollow earthen pots, laid spirally in cement, a fight construction common in the East from early times. The cupolas of the Pantheon at Rome, the cathedral at Florence, the churches of St. Peter at Rome, and Santa Sophia at Constantinople are of solid construc- tion, and the support of the cup-shaped vault is either by pendentives or by a drum. In some cases, how- ever, the cupola is of masonry, and the outer shell of the cupola is of wood covered with lead, as at St. Paul's, London, and at St. Mark's, Venice, the five masonry cupolas hjive the outer shell of wood and metal. The dome of the Invalides, in Paris, has a wood and metal covering above two inner structures of stone. In the later Byzantine buildings of Greece and other parts of the Levant, many of the cupolas have singularly lofty drums, which are pierced with windows, and the cupola proper becomes a mere roof to a tall cylindrical shaft. Cupolas in modern con- struction are generally of wrought iron, and the space filled in with .some tile fonnation. The term is some- times applied to a small roof structure, used for a look out or to give access to the roof.

Fletcher. A History of .Architecture (London and New York, 1896); C,v;ii.T. Encycl. of Arch. (London, ISSl); Parker, G/os- sary of Arch. (Oxford. 1S50): \\em.k. Did. of Terms: Lindsay, History of Christian AH, I; Sturgis, Diet, of A rch. (London and New York, 1904).

Thomas H. Poole.

Curacao, Vicariate Apostolic op, includes the islands of the Dutch West Indies: Curasao, Bonaire, and Aruba; Saba, St. Eustatius. and the Dutch part of St. Martin (Leeward Islands). These islands are