Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 4.djvu/631

 CRUTCHED

557

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, i8Q«v Stubbs The Medieval KingdoTns olfyprM and Li^V^S.l'fSSvl,'?plris!^tr7f); ■ AKCHEH, The Cn^ade

rart»raf. Conrad ^fpIS^lSsl)- NoS, Der vierte Kreu,-

Jerlin. ISMS), """"^ii nf rnnstantinovle (London, 1885), ,03); Pears The P^^jf^^iZTTZ Heinrich. nou-ine

aomburg, 1905 : ^''^^°^ii^A?^'^f,Z. The Princes of Achaia ■atifaise de Morec (Pans, l***?'' 'J-"""iQ07)- Riant. Ejuuki jTlhe Chronicles "I f^ ,C^lxl \Wl)'. Roheicht. £>cr icrtt CorK(an/mopoWan<f <V, /,,WJirifl (1876).

VI R8H'",<?„^V Idem O^ JCr?«^a/.r< Vm^ricA // (Berlin. Innsbruck, 1891), ^°^^- ,Y^„AiT,lnmaliaues des Hohenstaufen 874); BLOcHET.I-es relatimis diplomaim^ Cahdn. /n(ro-

Li;.Su;tar«/£«'P V°.«f^,'/S 3W ('paris, •lS96); Iu«(um a ll^^'-Jf J ■^i^^'_,,iiuJ^Z„Z;a della Terra Santci e deir

l'i:^iS.tirtrfrTE?^"^^^^^^^^^^

in Forschuna zur deutsche Gesch ^^- g^^ „„ .Y/I"

si^dc (Pans, .1885), B«i?».^ Vp^ris 19(X)); Magnocavai.lo.

'^JL-tiifi^'iJsJ^:^^^^^^^^ "^alrJ^rZ^^tqpfa^^^T^i^^^^

^ono.K. Phaippede ^^"'Zf/J"iZtinBv'ZlinZeit..XV-. Par-

IX. DE Sact Af-^/? n';^/,J^^l^Si6deWr..m> /ions. \I-VII; BfGER DE ^\a»K^i, .y. Le cardinal VempereurMa,iudPedeolo^e^ul.J^ll.JJ^^J^-^f ,^^ C,,,^

,m,.V a ;•*«(. <i«<:r<.««d«'"'X^ " LoUIS BrEHIER.

f^ave them constitutions and a rule of life similar to fhat of the Augustinians Pope Pius " P-cnbed for them a blue habit and substituted a small silver ross fo" the larger wooden one they had hitherto been accustomed to carry m their hands. It was frprnth^s custom that they obtamed their -^ame Their mon asteries were at one time numerous in Italy, number- Tng two hundred and eight, divided into five prov- inces- Bologna, Venice, Rome, Milan, and Naples. The prion- of S. Maria di Morella at Bologna was made the chiS^^ouse of the order by Pope Clement IV^ and a w^s rom this that the English Crutched Fnars came In later times corruptions were allowed to cre"p in and from that and other causes their num- bers'^dwindled down to not more tl-n fifty house m 1656 when the order was suppressed by Pope Alex ande'r VII A similar order of friars, known by the same name and like them claiming to come from the Ea"t a?so existed in France and tl« L^-,^^""^!^ havine been introduced or organized m 1211 by ineo- dore de Celles. H^lvot says their houses were num- erous but the order suffered extinction m the French Revoution. These friars wore a black habit ^\ th f?ed cross upon it. Other Fmtres Crucijen were also \:t ST Bohemia in the thirteenth century and some are said to have existed m Ireland, but there is practically no reliable information to be obtamed

'"'^MAltTp.Ris, H,Vor,a ^npion^m Ro^I^ 'h^°''iTo- 1866*)"?; T.^NEB ^YT^^'rl^Sl^Z^xltnO): vll RE?- DALE, iV/o-iashcon i^alicma'mO^nAo^^l^^^ (Douai, 1626): NER, Aposlolaius Benedict norum. " '■'JJ»"''i^4,. Heltot, Gasquet, English ^/""^^'^ris 1792) II; Heimbucber, Ordm Hist, des ordres rehgievx (f a"lki."'W' W^^-j und Canoregationcn (2d ed., 1900, H, 33^^37^^^ ^^^^^_

Crutched Friars (or Crossed Friars), an order of mendicant friars who went to England m the t^ teenth century from Italy, where they had existed lor sometime and where they were called ^.™''«« VTh ri/^"Ze below). Their first appearance m England ™t a s™od of the Diocese of Rochester m 1244 Xn they presented documents from the pope and S to be allowed to settle in the country < Matthew Paris) Each friar carried in his hand a wooden staff sSiounted by a cross and had also a cross of red cb^ ^on his\abit, from which circumstances orig- toated the name by which they became c.mmori^

Friars ' '. Other houses were at Oxford 1.348), Y orK, Great Weltham fSuffolk), Barham (a cell to Gt T\ e - tham) WoUon-under-Edge (Gloucestershire), Brack- lev (\orthants), and Kildale Ci orkshire)..

Fratrfs CRUCiFERi.-The origin of the^e fnars is somewhat uncertain. They claimed to have been funded in the East, in the first ce^ntury, ^Jl-^^'^l and to have been reconstituted by ''t- Cj'^acu^^ Pa triarch of Jerusalem, in the fourth. I* >« "?» ™"^^^ when they came to Italy, but they were certainly ttiere ta the twelfth century, for in 11G9 Pope Alexander III

Cruz RvMoN DE LA. a poet, b. at Madrid, Spam, 98 &V 1731; d. in the same city. 4 November 1795 h4 was for a time a clerk in the Ministry of Finance and was a member of the Royal Academy o Se^S'e and Tthe Arcadians of Rome. Very ht le t know-Ti of his life. He wrote more than three hundred pieces for the stage, -any of which ^ ere imnrovdsed It was his custom to go to the rrauo S?he evening and there, seated on one of the stone 'hei^^hes, wort out some theme -gge^t^^^^

^rtheat^r? a'nxiouS^'l.^ited the improvisation =^I'-ut!n»el-^-ofrpJrm|

trks'orCru., among which may be -mentioned - Ram6n de la Cniz,.Sa.netes (1 ^,?h^ "„^^^'^;TeatVo "La Biblioteca Umversal' (XXX\), and leai^