Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 4.djvu/61

 CLEMENT

39

CLEMENTINES

accompanied by exhaustive introductions, numerous explanatory remarks, and acute critical notes. Cle- ment's chief work is a revised edition of the chronology first issued by Cleniencet in one volume, entitled: "L'art de verifier les dates des faits historiqurs". The new edition in which the original work appeared in an entirely changed form was puhlislicd at Paris in 1770. a" third edition (Paris. 17S;5-17S7) em- braced three folio volumes; in this the original under- went even greater alterations, and the labour on it cost Clement more than ten yeans of toil. In con- trast to Clemencet he treated his matter objectively, and was influenced neither by prejudices against the Jesuits nor by a blind predilection for the Jansenists. His position met with the approval of scholars and he was made a member of the " Academie des Inscrip- tions". The work is still of value, and it has been well called "the finest memorial of French learning of the eighteenth century". Clement was engaged in the preparation of a fourth and much enlarged edition when a stroke of apoplexy caused his death. The unfinished work was completed by Viton de Saint- Allais and appeared wit li additional matter in eight- een volumes (Paris, 1818-19). Viton de Saint- Allais also published from the literary remains of Clement the treatise "L'art de verifier les dates des faits historiques avant I'ere chrctienne" (Paris, 1820). A work of less importance was one begun by Dom Poncet and edited by Clement, entitled: " Nouveaux ^claircissements sur I'origine et le Pentateuque des Samaritains" (Paris, 1760). Clement's industry in collecting material is shown by the " Catalogus manu- scriptonnn codicum Collegii Claramontani, quern e.xcipit catalogus domus professa" Parisiensis, uterque digestus et notis ornatus" (Paris, 1764). For infor- mation concerning his letters see the "Revue b^nfi- dictine", XII, 508.

^rivains de la congregation de

Patricids Schlageh.

Clement, Johjj, President of the College of Physi- cians and tutor to St. Thomas More's children, b. in Yorkshire about 1500; d. 1 July, 1572, in the Blocstrate, St. John's parish, Mechlin. Educated at St. Paul's School and Oxford, St. Thomas llore admitted Clement as one of his household to hel]) in the education of his children and to assist him in linguistic studies. In 1519 we find Clement at Ct>rpus Christi College, Ox- ford, when Wolsey constituted liim the Rhetoric Reader in the university; later he became professor of Greek there. About 1520 he married the daughter of a Norfolk gentleman, Margaret (!ibl)s, wlio lived and studied with More's family. Applying liini.self to the study of medicine, he was admitted a Fellow of the College of Physicians (1 Feb., 1.52S), and was chosen by Henry VIII to attend Wolsey wlien the latter was dangerously ill at Esher (1529). He was consiliarius of the college from 1.529 to 1,531, in 1547, and again from 1556 to 155S. He hekl the othce of president in 1.544, and that of cen.sor in 15.55. After the accession of Edward VI he retired to Louvain to escape religious persecution; so obno.xious wa.s he to the Protestant authorities that he was exempted from the general pardon granted by Edward VI. He returned to England in Marj''s reign and practised his profession in Essex, but fled al)road again when Elizabeth came to the throne. Mechlin was his last jilace of exile. He lies buried in the cathedral church of St. Rum- bold in that city. He wrote: " Epigrammatum et aliorum canninum liber"; and also translated from Greek into I-atin: (1) "The EpLstles of St. Gregory Nazianzen"; (2) "The Homilies of Nicephonis Calli.stus concerning the Greek Saints"; (3) "The Epistles of Pope Celestine I to Cyril, Bishop of Alex- andria".

DoDD, CAurcA History (Hrussels. 17;i7-I742), I. 202; Pits, De Anglia Scriplunbus (Paris. 1G19). 767; Wool.. Mhenm

Ozoniensrs, ed. Buss (London, 1813-1820), I, 401; Robin- son, Hegisters of St. Paul's School (London. .'?. d.), 19; Munk, College o/ Physicians (London, 1878), I, 26.

G. E. Hind.

Clementine Decretals. Sec Corpus Juris Cano- Nici; Law.

Clementine Liturgy. See Clement I, St., Pope.

Clementines (K\7)/i^iTia), (Clementine Pseudo- writings), the name given to the curious religious ro- mance which has come down to us in two forms as composed by Pope St. Clement I. The Greek form is preserved only in two MSS. and consists of twenty books of homilies. The Latin form is a translation made from the Greek by Rufinus, who died in 410. It is called the " Recognitions ". Two later epitomes of the Homilies exist also, and there is a partial Syriac translation, embracing Recog. i-iii, and Horn, x-xiv, preserved in two British Museum MSS., one of which was written in the year 411. Some fragments are known in Arabic and in Slavonic. The writings are curious rather than admirable, and their main in- terest lies in the extraordinary theories which they have been made to support during the nineteenth cen- tury. The existence of the Clementine Homilies was first made known in 1572 and 1578 by the Jesuit Tur- rianus, who was a diligent searcher of libraries. He seems to liave found a MS. of quite a different version from that which we possess. The first edition was that of G. B. Cotelier, 1672, from the Paris MS., in which the 20th book and part of the 19th are wanting. This was re-edited in 1847 by Scliwegler. The com- plete Vatican MS. was first used in Dressel's edition, 18.53, reprinted in Migne, P. G., II; another edition by Lagarde, 1865. The "Recognitions" are found in numerous MSS., for they weie very popular in the Middle Ages: indeed the strange history of Clement and his father Faustus, or Faustinianus, is said to have originated the Fau.st legend (cf. Ricliardson, " Papers of Amer^ Soc. of Ch. Hist. ", VI, 1894). The first edition, by Faber Stapulensis, appeared in 1504; Migne, P. Ci., I, gives a reprint of Gersdorf's edition of 1838. A new and much-needed edition is expected from E. C. Richardson. To the Homilies are pre- fi.xed two letters and an account of the reception of one of them. That from Clement to James was trans- lated by Rufinus at an earlier date than the Recog- nitions (best edition by Fritzsche, 1873).

Content.s. — Large portions of the Homilies (H.) and Recognitions (R.) are almost word for word the same. Yet larger portions correspond in subject and more or less in treatment. Other parts contained only in one of the two works appear to be referred to or presuppo.sed in the other. The two works are roughly of the same length, and contain the same framework of romance. H. was considered to be the original by Neander, Baur, Schliemann. Schwegler, and others. Lelimann thouglit the first three books of R. to be original, and H. for the remainder. Uhlhorn argued that both were recensions of an earlier book, "Preachings of Peter", R. having best preserved tlio narrative, H. the dogmatic teaching. Cave, Winston, Rosenmiiller, Ritschl, Ililgcnfeld, and others held R. to be the original. It is now almost universally held (after Hort, Harnack, Waitz) that H. and R. are two versions of an original Clementine romance, which was longer than either, and em- braced most of the contents of both. Sometimes H., sometimes R., is the more faithful to the archetype. With the elaborate philosophical and dogmatic dis- course which forms the bulk of both works is inter- woven a story which, when we consider its date, may be described as positively exciting and romantic. It differs slightly in the two books. The narrative is addressed to fit. James, the Bishop of Jeni.salem, and is related in the person of Clement himself. He