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 COZZA

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CRACOW

Cozza, Lorenzo, Friar Minor, cardinal, and theologian, b. at San Lorenzo near Bolsena, 31 March, 1654; d. at Rome, 18 January, 1729. He filled the position of lector at Naples and Viterbo, where he became guardian of the convent. Cardinal Sacchetti chose Cozza as his confessor and ad\'iser, thus giving rise to a friendsliip that lasted through life. While in the Orient, whither he had been .sent as superior of the Franciscan monaster}' in Jerusalem, Cozza found leisure to compose several important works, and as legate of the supreme pontiff he recon- ciled the Maronites and the Patriarch Jacobus Petrus of Antioch, who had long been at variance with the Holy See. In 1715 he returned to Rome, in 1723 was elected minister general, and on 9 Decem- ber. 1726, was made cardinal by Benedict XIII. The remaining years of his life were passed at Rome in quiet and study in the little convent of St. Bar- tholomew on the Island. His writings include "His- toriapolemicade Graecorum schismate" (Rome, 1719- 20); "Commentarii liistorico-dogmatici " (Rome, 1707); and "Terra Sancta vindicata a calumniis", the last still unpublished.

Mahcellino da CivEZZA. Safjgio di Bibliografia Sanfran- cescana (Prato. 1S79), 129-130, n. 166; Golubovich, Serie del Superiori di Terra Santa (Jerusalem. 1898), 98, n. 168; HuRTER. Nomenclator, II, 1001; Cardella, Mcmorie storiche del cardinali delta S, Romana Chiesa (Rome, 1792), VIII. 223.

Stephen M. Donovan.

Cozza-Luzi, Giuseppe, Italian savant, Abbot of the Basilian monastery of Grottaf errata near Rome; b. 24 Dec, 1S37, at Bolsena in the Province of Rome: d. there 1 Jime, 1905. In early youth he entered the ancient monastery of which he became abbot in 1882. Pius IX was attracted by his scholarship, as was later Leo XIII. In 1898 he was freed from all official cares and devoted himself thenceforth t» his be- loved studies. He won distinction by his edition of several ancient Vatican MSS., and was also learned in the historj' of art and in archa?ologj'. Under his di- rection was executed the phototype edition of the Codex Vaticanus, (q. v.) (Vetus et Novum Testamen- tum e Cod. Vaticano 1209 phototyp., 5 vols, fol., Rome, 1S89), also a Vatican codex of the Prophets (ibid., 1889), and from a Vatican SIS. the miniatures of Giulio Clovio to Dante's "Paradiso". Nearly all the copies of these artistic publications perished at the burning of the Danesi establishment in Rome. To- gether with the well-known Scriptural scholar. Carlo Vercellone (q. v.), he supervised the printing of the Greek text of the Codex Vaticanus (see Codex V.\ti- CANUs),in five volumes (Rome, 1868-81); he also edited other Scriptural MSS., e. g. the Greek codex of Daniel in the Chigi Library at Rome. His most important scien- tific work was the publication of some fragments of the "Geography" of Strabo (Rome, 1884), originally discovered by Cardinal Mai (q. v.), who was, however, unaware of their importance. We owe also to Cozza- Luzi the publication of the eighth and ninth volumes of Mai's "Nova Bibliotheca Patrum", and a part of the cardinal's correspondence.

Among the theological treatises of Cozza-Luzi is an important study on the evidence of the Greek litur- gies to the papal supremacy (De Rom. Pont, auc- torit. doctrinali testim. liturg. ecclesi;e grsece, Rome, 1870). He wrote also on the antiquities of his native Bolsena, on the cathedral of Orvieto, the Vatican col- lection of Assyrian antiquities, etc. Among his more interesting publications is an edition of the Greek version of St. Gregory the Great's accoimt of St. Bene- dict (Ilistnria S. P. N. Benedicti a Pontif. Gregorio I descripta ft a Zacluiria gra^ce reddita, Tivoli, ISSO). Many of his writings are scattered in various Italian I)eriodic:ds, ecclesiastical .and historical. Though possessed of a strong intellect and a brojul culture he often lacked scientific accuracy and it is regrett.able that no organic plan dominated his numerous studious

researches. As yet there exists no biography of him.

Onoranze rese a Giuseppe Cozza-Luzi (Rome, 1898) contains a list of his principal writings.

U. Benigni.

Cracow (Pol. Krakou'), the Prince-Bishopric of (Cracoviensis); comprises the western portion of Galicia in Austria, and borders on the Diocese of Kielce in Russian Poland, Breslau in Prussia, Tar- now in Galicia, and Zips in Hungary.

It has long been disputed at what time the Diocese of Cracow was created. There is no doubt that it was already in existence in the year 1000; for at that time Poppo, its bishop, was made a suffragan to Radzym (the Latin St. Gaudenlius) the first Archbishop of Gnesen (Thietmar Chronicon, IV, in P. L., CXXXIX, 1226). Father Augustine Arndt, S. J. (Zeitschrift fur kath. Theologie, XIV, 45-47, Innsbruck, 1890) ad- duces some reasons in support of the opinion that the Diocese of Cracow was fotmded by the Polish King Mieceslaw I as early as 984, and that Poppo, who had been tutor of Duke Henry of Bavaria until 983, be- came its first bishop; but most authorities agree that it was not created until 1000 or shortly before. There are extant five lists of the bishops of Cracow. The oldest was compiled about 1266 (Mon. Germ. Hist.: Script.. XIX, 608), the second, shortly before 1347 (Mon. hist. Polon. Ill, 801); the others are of a later date. During the invasion of the Bohemians in 1039, and the succeeding period of anarchy, all ecclesiastical documents were lost, and the names and dates of the bishops of Cracow up to Bishop Aaron (1046-1059) are very unreliable. Prochorus and Proculphus, who are mentioned in the lists as predecessors of Poppo, are entirely legendarj'. Three of the bishops of Cracow are publicly venerated: St. Stanislaus Szczepanowski (1072-1079), who suft'ered martyrdom at the hands of Iving Boleslaw, canonized in 1253, patron of Poland and of the Dioceses of Cracow and Posen ; Blessed Vincent Kadlubek (1208-1218), the earliest Polish historian of Poland, resigned his see and entered the Cistercian monastery of Jedrzejow in 1218, died 8 March, 1223, beatified in 1764; John Prandotha (1242-1266), who drove the heretical Flagellants from his diocese, and was venerated until the seventeenth century, when his veneration ceased, owing to a mis- interpretation of the Bull "De cultu servorum Dei'' issued by Pope Urban VIII, 5 July, 1634. Other renowned bishops were: Matthseus (1143-1165) a historian; Zbigniew Olesnicki (1423-1455), a great statesman and fearless opponent of the Hussites, created cardinal in 1439; and George Radziwill (1591-1600), founder of seminaries and hospitals.

Originally the Diocese of Cracow seems to have comprised the towns and districts of Sandomir, Cra- cow, and Lublin, and the castellanies of Sieradz, Spici- mir, Rozpoza, Lenczyc, and Wolborg; but ilis area underwent various changes. From the year 1443 to 1795 the Bishops of Cracow were at the same time sovereign dukes of Severia, a territorj- situated be- tween Silesia and Cracow. Before the first partition of Poland in 1772 the Diocese of Cracow comprised the whole of Little Poland, Sieradz, a large portion of Silesia, and part of the present Diocese of Zips (Scep- usium). In 1772 it lost its territorj' south of the Vistula (Dicecesis Cis\-istulana), which in 1783 con.sti- tuted the new Diocese of Tarnow. In 1790 the new Diocese of Lublin and in 1805 the new Diocese of Kielce were severed from its remaining territory. Pope Pius VII made Cracow an exempt diocese in 1815 and restored to it a portion of the Diocese of Kielce in IS! 7, wliieh portion, however, was returned to Kielce in lSt(i, so that (hen the Diocese of Cracow w;\s confined to (lie city Cracow and two deaneries south of the \'istula. From 1851 to 1S79 tliediocesewas ruled by adininistratoi-s. Under .Mbin Uuiiajewski, who became bishop in 1879, it was soruewiiat enlarged