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 CORVEY

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COSA

Corvey, Abbey of (also called New Corbie), a Benedictine monastery in the Diocese of Paderborn, in Westphalia, founded c. 820 from Corbie in Picardy, by the Emperor Louis the Pious and St. Adelhard, Abbot of the older Corbie, from which the new founda- tion derived its name. Corvey soon became famous, and its abbots ranked as princes of the empire. In its school were cultivated all the arts and sciences, and it produced many celebrated scholars. To it the world is indebted for the preservation of the first five books of tie "Annals" of Tacitus. From its cloisters went forth a stream of missionaries who evan- gelized Northern Europe, chief amongst them being St. Ansgar, the Apostle of Scandinavia. Here, too, Widukind is believed to have written his history of the Saxons (see Saxons), and the " Annales Corbe- jenses", which issued from the same scriptorium, figure largely in the ''Monumenta Germanise" col- lected by Pertz. (These " Annales " must not be confounded with the forged " Chronicon Corbejense" which appeared in the nineteenth century.) The school of Corvey declined after the fifteenth century, but the abbey itself continued until 1803, when it was secularized and given to the family of Oranje-Nassau. The famous abbey library has long since been dis- persed.

WiGAND, Die corvey'schen Gcschicht-squcllfn (Leipzig, 1841); ZiEGELBAUER. Hisl. Lit. O.S.B (.\uffshiirE. 1754); Pebtz, Mm. Germ, //i.•^^.• Scriptores (Hanover. 1839). Ill; Migne, Dia. des Abbayes (Paris, 1856); Enck, Kirchentrx.. III. 1143-51; Chevauer, Topo-bibl. (Paris, 1894-99); Jansen, Wibald von Stable und Corvey (Berlin, 1854)

G. CvPRiAN Alston.

Corycus, a titular see of Cilicia Tracha>a in Asia Minor. It was the port of Seleucia, where, in 191 B. c, the fleet of Antiochus the Great was defeated by the Romans. In the Roman times it preserved its ancient laws; the emperors usually kept a fleet there to watch over the pirates. Justinian restored the public baths and a hospital. Alexius Comnenus re-equipped the fortress, which had been dismantled. Soon after Corycus was conquered by the Armenians, who held it till the middle of the fourteenth century, when it was occupied temporarily by the Turks, and for a time played an important part. Peter I, King of Cyprus, captured it in 1361. From 1448 or 1454 it belonged alternately to the Karamanlis, the Egy\>- tians, the Karamanlis a second time, and finally to the Osmanlis. The ruins of the city are at Ghorghos, twenty-eight miles north-cast of Selefke (Seleucia), in the vilayet of .\dana. Among them are a triumphal arch, a beautiful Christian tomb, sarcophagi, etc. The two medieval castles, one on the shore, the other in an islet, connected by a ruined pier, are partially preserved; the former was reputed impregnable. Three churches are also found, one decorated with frescoes. About two miles from the cajje is the fa- mous Corycian cavern, 886 feet long, 65 wide, from 98 to 228 high. Near this castle are many other smaller but curious grottoes, a temple of Zeus, and a little church with Byzantine paintings, converted into a mosque. About ten miles north of Ghorghos exists another large grotto with thirteen curious bas-reliefs hewn in the rock. The city figures in the "Synec- demus" of Hierocles, and about 840 in Parthey's "Notitia Prima"; it was suffragan of Tarsus. Le- quien (II, 879) mentions five Greek bishops from 381 to 680; another is known from an inscrijition (Wad- dington, InscriT)tions. . . d'Asie mineure, 341). One Latin Hisho]), Gerardus, was present at a council of Antioch about 1 136; four are known in the fourteenth century (Lequion, III, 1197; Eubel, I, 218).

CuiNET, Turquie d'Asie, II, 73; Alisiian, Sissouan (Venice, 1899), 393-409. S. Vaii.HE.

Oorydallus, a titular see of Asia. Minor. Korydal- los, later also Korydalla, was a city in Lycia. In Roman times it .struck coins. It figures in the

■'Notitiae episcopatuum" as late as the twelfth or thirteenth century as a suffragan of Myra. Lequien (I, 979) mentions only four bishops: Alexander, spoken of in St. Basil's letter ccxviii, Palladius in 451 and 458, Leo in 787, and Eustratius in 879. Cory- dallus has not as yet been identified. There was a see of the same name in Pamphylia, suffragan to Pcrge (see Lequien, I, 1031). S. PsTRiDiiS.

Cosa, Juan de la, navigator and cartographer, ac- cording to tradition b. in 1460 at Sta. Maria del Puerto (Santofia), on the Bay of Biscay, Spain, and hence called Juan Biscayno, d. on the coast of the Gulf of Uraba, 28 February, 1510. He passed his life from earliest chiklhood on the ocean. From the waters of his native country, which he knew thor- oughly, he soon ventured onto the coast of Western Africa, which was at that time the goal of so many Spanish expeditions. When Columbus in 1492 made preparations for his voyage to the west, Juan de la Cosa had attained such reputation, that the great dis- coverer engaged him, together with his ship Santa Maria, and in spite of a passing estrangement between them, he secured de la Cosa's services as cartographer for his second expedition in 1493-1496. In 1499 Juan de la Cosa joined as first pilot the expedition of Alonso de Ojeda and Vespucci, and was with them amongst the first to set foot on the South American Continent on the Gulf of Paria. At the same time the coast from Essequibo to the Cape Vela was explored. Immediately after his return he designed his chart of the whole world, which is of the utmost importance for the history of the discovery of America. Later in the same year, or early in 1501, he continued his dis- coveries along the South American coast to the Isth- mus of Panama, and returned in 1502 to Haiti. When the Spanish court found soon afterwards that the Por- tuguese had made several incursions into the newly discovered country. Queen Isabella sent Juan de la Cosa at the head of a delegation to Portugal, to remon- strate. He was nominated alguazil major, and in 1504-05 was commander of an expedition to the Pearl Islands and the Gulf of L^raba to found settlements there. At the same time he visited Jamaica and Haiti. Another voyage undertaken 1507-08 with Martin de los Reyes and Juan Correa as pilots had the same object in view. In 1509 for the seventh and last time Juan de la Cosa started for the New World. He carried two hundred colonists on three ships and on reaching Haiti he placed himself under the command of Ojeda, who added another ship with one hundred settlers to the expedition. After having decided an old frontier-dispute between Ojeda and Nicuesa, they went with Pizarro into Ojeda's territory and landed at Cartagena against the warnings of Cosa, who proposed to disembark on the more peaceful coast of the Gulf of Uraba. They were attacked by the na- tives and de la Cosa was killed.

Juan de la Cosa made several charts of which one, the famous chart of the world is still preserved. It is the oldest representation of the New World. Of special interest is the outline of Cuba, which Columbus never believed to be an island. Walkenaer and Alex- ander von Humboldt were the first to point out the great importance of this chart. It is now in the Museo Naval in Madrid. Reproductions of it are given by Humboldt in his " Atlas g^ographique et phy- sique"; by Jomard in his "Collection des Monu- ments", tab. XVI; by Winsor, in his "History of America", III (London, 1888), and by Kretschmcr", "Die Entdeckimg Americas" (Berlin, 1892), Atlas, table VII. A facsimile was published in Madrid, 1892.

Df. Leocina. Jiian ile la Cosa (Mailrid, 1877); Vasoano, Ew myo biourdfico del crlebre naviaanle Juan dc la Cosa, Obra iinr' presa m espai'iot, jranci's e ingh's para aeompanar al Mapa Munat de Juan de la Coaa (Madrid, 1S9-').

OlTO IIartig-