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 CORRIGAN

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CORSICA

tant act as archbishop was to convoke a synod of the diocese, in November, ISSti, to carry into effect the de- crees of the comicil. The considerable changes matle by the council in the status of the clergy and its pro- visions for the administration of the dioceses of the United States, as to their subordinate officials, were adopted. A new theological semmary, to replace that of St. Joseph's, Troy, was built at Dunwoodie and opened September, 1896. The unfinished towers of St. Patrick's Cathedral were completed. The Orphan Asylums on Fifth and Madison Avenues were trans- ferred to a new suburban location at Kingsbridge. The construction of the Lady Chapel of the cathedral, through funds donated by a generous Catholic family, was begun.

During the municipal election of 1886 Archbishop Corrigan deemed it his duty to disapprove of the Bocialistic character of the writings and addresses of one of the candidates for the mayoralty. This brought about the most disturbing incident, perhaps, of the archbishop's administration, the difference between himself and a prominent member of his clergy, the Rev. Dr. Edward McGlynn, rector of St. Stephen's Church, New York city, occasioned by the latter's advocacy of opinions which the archbishop believed were not in accord with Catholic teaching on the sub- ject of the rights of property. The controversy began in 1886 with the clergyman s appearance on the public platform, in behalf of one of the candidates for mayor, who stood for certain novel economic theories, and led to the privation of his pastoral office. Not complying afterwards with the order of the pope, Leo XIII, to proceed to Rome, he incurred the sentence of excom- munication.

There resulted some commotion in ecclesiastical and other circles, accentuated later (1892) by a new phase which the Catholic School question assumed in its re- lation to the State. A period of much public discus- sion and excitement followed which, however, began to subside rapidly when Dr. McGlynn was relieved of the censure by the Apostolic Delegate, then Arch- bishop SatoUi, and obeyed the sinnmons of the Holy Father. In 1894 Archbishop Corrigan appointed Dr. McGlynn pastor of St. Mary's Church, Newburgh, where he remained until his death in 1901.

On May 4th, 1898, Archbishop Corrigan celebrated the twenty-fifth anniversary of his episcopal conse- cration. Laymen, priests, and many prominent non- Catholics assembled to testify to his virtues as an ecclesiastic and as a citizen. He made his last visit ad limina Apostolorum in 1900. Two years afterwards, re- turning from a confirmation visit to the Bahamas, he contracted a cold, which, aggravated by an accident, caused his death on May 5th of the same year. The manifestation of sentiments of respect and affection on that event was not only local but national. From the beginning of his episcopate in New York he was obliged to face the problem of the great influ.x of for- eign, especially Italian, immigration and its religious requirements. He had to guide and direct the char- itable and educational interests of his diocese which rapidly and widely expanded during his administra- tion. During the seventeen years of his rule he was instrumental in the increase of the churches, chapels, and stations of the archdiocese by one hinulrcd and eighty-eight, of the clergy by two hundred and citjhly- four, of schools by seventy-five. His schular.ship was deep and wide, extending to every branch of ecclesias- tical learning; his piety marked jiut unobtrusive; his methods gentle bvit firm, llis dexotion, his zeal, and his unceasing labours in behalf of religion make him a conspicuous figure in the history of the American Church of the nineteenth century. The only literary production that his busy life ;us a priest and bishop permitted him to ))ubli.,,„.,, I, I I, n,i A,, hi, „.hup of New York INew York, 190-"i; lnN\. /■/(. Cilli.Ch. in AVic Jfrs(-M(Morristowii, 1904); Smith, The Calk. Ch. in New York (New York. 1908); Reuss, Biog, Cycl. of the Cath. Hierarchy of U. S. (Milwaukee, 1898); Farley, The History of St, Patrick's Cathedral (New York, 1908).

Joseph F. Mooney.

Corrigan, Sir Dominic, physician, b. 1802, in Dublin, Ireland; d. there, 1880; distinguished for his original observations in heart disease, a special type of pulse being named after him. The son of a poor shopkeeper, his early education was obtained at Maynooth, which then had a department for secular students apart from the ecclesiastical seminary. He was attracted to the study of medicine by the physi- cian in attendance. After several years of medical study in Dublin he followed the prevailing custom of the time and went to Edinbm-gh where he received his degree as M. D. in 1825. After his return to Dublin he was appointed physician to the Jervis Street Hospital, which had but six medical beds. During the next four years he studied certain forms of heart disease to such good purpose that he recast the teaching of diseases of the aortic valves. His article on "Permanent Patency of the Aortic Valves" appeared in the Edinburgh "Medical and Surgical Journal" for April, 18.32. He was eminently suc- cessful as a teacher of medicine. In 1842 the Lon- don College of Surgeons conferred on him its diploma. In 1849 he received from the University of Dublin the honorary degree of M. D. He was known as a very hard-working physician, and his self-sacrificing devotion during the famine fever years made him famous. His "Lectures on Fevers" (Dublin, 185.3) are a valuable contribution to our knowletlge of this subject. He was created a baronet partly as a re- ward for his services as Commissioner of Education for many years. He was a member of Parliament in the Liberal interest for five years after 1869. He was defeated for re-election in 1874 by the liquor in- terest which he had antagonized by supporting the Sunday Closing Bill. He was President of the Royal Zoological Society of Dublin, of the Dublin Patho- logical Society, of the Dublin Pharmaceutical So- ciety, and was five times elected President of the College of Physicians in Dublin, an imprecedented honour. His work on heart disease stamps him as a great original investigator in medicine. Trousseau, the French clinician, proposed that aortic heart dis- ease should be called Corrigan's disease.

Sketches in Brit. MeA. Journal and The Lancet (1S80); Walsh, Makers of Modern Medicine (New Y'ork, 1907).

James J. Walsh.

Corsica, the third island of the Mediterranean in point of size, only Sicily and Sardinia being of greater extent. The distance from the I'rench seaport. Antibes, on the Riviera, to Calvi, the port of Corsica nearest to France, is one hundred and eleven miles. There is a brisk commerce between Leghorn, in Italy, and Bastia, in Corsica, the voyage being made ini five hours. The island is mountainous and well! watered, a large part being covered with forests and' almost impenetrable thickets called maquis. The' climate is mild on the coa.st, but cold in the elevateil regions. The area of Corsica is 3367 square miles. th(! population 300,000. Both the natives of the in- terior and those of the coast, whose ancestors we; Italians, are nearly all Catholics.

The island was early visited by the Phopniciai and Phocians who established colonies there. For time it belonged to Carthage, but was taken by tlu Romans, who retained possession from 260 B. c. tc, the end of the fiflli century of the Christian Eraif :"■ -'fiji But they never svibdued the niouiitain tribes of thii]^v.(jt interior, and even in the time of Gregory

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