Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 4.djvu/451

 C0RREG6I0


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CORRIGAM

Dnminirin) Corrrrtorirs. — The gpiiornl duiiitcr of llir l)i)iiiiiii(',iiis held in V2'M coiiiiccis:i coiTcctoil text (if tlic Latin Bible with the inenihers of the prov- ince of France; it ordained that all Bibles should be conformed to this. Little more is known of this work; but the following correctories are more notetl: (1) The "Biblia Senonensis", or the Bible of Sens, is not the Paris Bible as approved of by the Archl)ishop of Sens, nor is it a particular text adopted by the ecelesi-
 * istical authority of that city, but it is a correction of

the Paris Bible prepared by the Dominican Fathers residing there. Whatever be the value of this correc- torj', it did not meet with the approval of the Domini- can Order, a-s may be inferred from an ordination of the general chapter held in Paris, 12.5(i. tjuotations from it found in the " Correctorium Sorbonieum" re- semble the readings of the Latin manuscript No. 17 in the National Library-, Paris. The fathers of Sens failed to produce a satisfactory text because they were too sparing in their emendation of the Paris Bible. (2) Hugues of Saint-Cher tried to restore the primitive text of the Latin Vulgate, which in his day was prac- tically identical with the Paris Bible, by removing its glosses and all foreign accretioiLs. But instead of h.-iv- ing recourse to the manuscripts of St. Jerome's text he compared the Paris Bible with the original Hebrew and Greek readings, thus furnishing a new version rather than a correctorj'. Roger Bacon calls his work " the worst corruption, the destruction of the text of God". Eight manuscripts of Hugues' correc- tory are still extant. (3) Theobald is the name of the Dominican Father who is usually connected with the next correction of the Latin Viilgate text, which ap- peared about 1248. The text of this too resembles that of the Latin manuscript No. 17 in the National Library, Paris, and is thus related to the "Correc- torium Senonense". It may be identical with the "Correctio Parisiensis .secunda", quoted in the "Cor- rectorium Sorbonieum". (4) .Another correctory was prepared aljout 1256 in the Dominican convent of Saint-Jacques, Paris. The manuscript thus corrected contains a text as bad as, if not worse than the Bible of Paris, the readings of which were carrietl into the new correctorj'. The principles of Hugues of Saint- Cher were followed by the correctors, who marked in red the words to be omitted, and added marginal notes to explain changes and suggest variants. They are more copious in the Old Testament than in the New. The autograi)h is preserved in the National Librarj-, Paris, MSS. lat. 16,719-16,722.

Francisrmi Correctories. — The great Franciscan writer, Roger Bacon, was the first to formulate the true principles which ought to guide the correction of the Latin Vulgate; his rehgious brethren endeavoured to apply them, though not always successfullj-. (1) The "Correctorium .Sirbonicum", probably the work of \\'illiam of Brittany, derives its name from the fact that the thirteenth-century manuscri])t in which the emendations were m.ade belonged to the Library of the Sorbonne, though at present it is kept in the Na- tional Librarj", Paris, M.S. lat. 15,5.54, fol. 147-253. Tlie marginal and interlinear glosses are derived from the Paris Bible and the correctory of the Dominican Father Theobald; the make-up of the work imitates the Dominican correctories. (2) The "Correctorium Vatieanum" owes its name to the circumstance that its first known manu.script was the Cod. Vaticanus lat. .'5466, though at jirescnt eight other copies are known, Ijelonging to the thirteenth or the beginning of the fourteenth centurj-. Its author is William de Mara, of Oxford, a disciple of Roger Bacon, whose principles and methods he follows. Though ac- quaint<'d with several Latin and Hebrew manu.scripts, the Targum, the commentaries of Rashi, and the orig- inal texts, he relied more on the authority of the early manu.script.s of St. Jerome's text. There are some faults in the correctory, resulting mainly from the

author's limited knowledge of Greek. Ci) Gerard de lluy was a faithful follower of Roger Bacon's princi- ples; the old Latin manuscri|)ts and the readings of the Fathers are his first authority, and only w hen they disagree does he have recourse to the original texts. L'nfortunately he knew no Latin manuscripts okler than those of the ninth and tenth centuries containing a text of Alcuin's recension. But Gerard knew the history of the versions and the origin of the textual corruptions of the Sacred Scriptures. He corrected the Paris Bible and gave an account of his emenda- tions in his marginal notes. (4) Two more Franei.s- can correctories must be noted: MS. 61 (Toulouse), of the fifteenth century, reproduces the correctory of G6rard de Buxo, of Avignon, .a work rather exegetieal than critical in character; MS. 28 (Einsiedeln), of the beginning of the fourteenth century, contains the work of John of Cologne.

Allied Correctories. — Mangenot mentions six other groups of correctories which have not been fully in- vestigated as yet. Two of them are allied to the Dominican correctory of the convent of Saint-Jacques; one is represented by the MS. lat. 15,554, fol. 1-146, National Library-, Paris; the other by Cod. Laurent., Plut., XXV, sin.", cod. 4, fol. 101-107 (Florence), and by MS. 131, fol. 1, Arsenal, Paris. Two other groups are allied to the Franciscan correctories; one, represented by Cod. 141, lat. class. I, fol. 121-390, Marciana (Ven- ice), depends on William de Mara and Gerard de Huy; the other, found in MS. 82, Borges. (Rome), depends on Gerard de Huy. Finally two very brief correc- tories nrr to Im frniTi'l ill MS 1(12, Antoniana, Padua, and ill M- i > iii I 17 iJ IJ7, Nurenberg,

Ma-. I ". \ /' / >'!- . s. V. Correcloire..;riaztu7ii

acadimuh, ill.nnf. I^r.i, K,..,-,, (,, '. . i.', ,1. r Vnluala (Mainz, 1S6S), 244-27.^; Gkk.-.,,iiy, I'miimmuna (Leipzig. 1904), III, 973.

A. J. Maas. Correg-g^o. See Allegri, Antonio.

Corrigan, Mich.^el Augu-stine, third Archbishop of New York, b. 13 August, 1839, at Newark, New Jer- sey; d. at New York, 5 May, 1902. His parents were natives of Ireland. After graduating at Mt. St. Mary's College, Emmittsburg, Md., in 18.59, he entered the (^ollege of the Propaganda at Rome, and was one of the twelve students with whom the North American College was opened there, 8 December, 1859. He was ordained priest at Rome, 19 September, 1863, and received there the degree of Doctor of Divinity in 18G4. Returning to his native diocese in September, 1864, he was succe.ssively professor of dogni.atic tlieol- ogy and of Scripture, vice-president and presidetit of Seton Hall College and Seminary, and vicar-general of the diocese until 1873, when on 4 May he wa.s conse- crated Bishop of Newark. His administration, dur- ing the seven years of its continuance, was character- ized by imceasing and successful efforts to bring the regulation of the spiritual and temporal affairs of the dioce.se into strict accordance with the prescriptions and recommendations of the plenary coiuicils of the Church in the I'nited States that had been held pre- vious to his accession to the episcopacy.

The declining health of Cardinal .McClo.skey, Arch- bi.shop of New Y'ork reqiiiring the appointment of a coadjutor, the young Bisho|> of Newark was named, 1 October, 1880, titular Archbi.shop of Petra, with the right of succession for New Y'ork. and on the death of Cardinal McCloskey in October, 1885, he ass-umed charge. Having taken an active part in the proceed- ings of the Third Plenary Council of Baltimore (1884) as the representative of the cardinal, his first impor-