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CORPORAL

solemn procession in which the emperor enters the church and is conducted to his throne. The lifting upon a shield which was long retained in the old Greek ritual of Constantinople is not now used at Moscow. After the emperor has recited the Nicene Creed a.s a profession of faith, and after an invocation of the Holy Ghost and litany, the emperor assumes the purple chlamys and then the crown is presented to him. He takes it and puts it on his head himself, while the metropolitan says, "In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost, Amen", and then the metropolitan makes the following short address: "Most God-fearing, absolute and mighty Lord, Emperor of all the Russias, this visible and tangible adornment of thy head is an eloquent symbol that thou as the head of the whole Russian people art invisibly crowned by the King of kings, Christ, with a most ample blessing, seeing that He bestows upon thee entire authority over His people." This is followed by the delivery of the sceptre and orb, each with ad- dresses. Then the queen is crowned, the emjieror for a moment putting his own crown on the head of the empress before he invests her with that which prop- erly belongs to her. This is followed by the proclama- tion of the emperor's style and by a general act of homage. The Liturgy Ls then celebrated, and after the Communion hymn (KoivoiviKdv) the royal gates of the sanctuary are opened, the emperor is invited to approach, and there, near the entrance, standing on the cloth of gold, the emperor and empress are anoint- ed. In the case of the emperor the forehead, eyes, nostrils, mouth, ears, breast, and the hands on both sides, are all touched with oil but in the case of the empress the unction is confined to the forehead only. Then the emperor passes within the royal gates and receives both the Eucharistic species as a priest does, separately. The empress, however, remains outside, and receives only, as the Greek laity usually do, by intinetion.

General. — Thalhofer in KirchenUi., s. v. Knmung; Ven- ABLES in Diet. Christ. Ant., s. vv. Coronation and Crown.- M\a- -rEN^.DeAnliqiiis Ecdesite Uitibus (Venice, 1783). II. 201-241; Catalani, Cmremoniale Romanum (Home, 1750), I, 85-145; Ponlificale Romanum (Rome, 1736), I. 369-417.

Particular Rite.'!. — Bymntine. — Sickfx, Das byzantimsche Krunungsrecht bis sum 10. Jahrhundert in Byzantinische Zeit- schriU (Leipzig, 1S9S), VII: Brightman, Byzantine Imperial Coronations in Joum. of Theol. Studies (1901), II, 359-392. Spanish. — Ferotin, Monumrnia Errlr.iias Liluririca (Paris, 1904). IV, 498-505. Cellir — IUttf, S,;,ii,xIi t ■,„■.,„

don, 1902); CooPERj Four. ^■r,,' ■:.

Eccles. Society); Kinlocii. -

Review (1902). English.- ^l : •. i, '/. , ' ''^'^

clesiaAnglicana (Ox!ord,lb>,-. li. \\.ji;l- ■-- . 'linner

of Coronation of King Charles 1 (London, ISU-';. Ihc vn-t num- ber of publications produced on the coronation of E,dward VII cannot be mentioned here, but among the more important are Wickham-Legg. English Coronation Records (London, 1901); Wordsworth. Three English Coronation Orders (London, 1901); Macleane, The Great Solemnity (London, 1902); Thurston, The Coronation Ceremonial (London, 1902), and in Nineteenth Cen- tury (March. 1902), and in The Month (June, July. 1902); Wil- son, The English Coronation Orders in Jour, of Theol. Studies (July 1901). Imperial Coronations. — Diemand, Das Cere- moniell der Kaiserkrrmungen (Munich, 1894); Waitz. Die Eor- meln fh-r ^h-^'t.-rhrn Kiinigs-vnd der riimischm Kaiserkriinung (GtiH;:i ■■■( 1^71 *; ScHWARzER. Die. Ordines der Kai.^erkriinung. jil,, 1 tKmcK, The Order of Coronation of Charles V

(Hii.i. r.i I i i'l" Society, 1899); Maltzew, Bill- Dank- und He,A,-i.o.'/..„.'.,;i.,rt (Berlin. 1897), 1-61; Haase. Die Kuniga- Krtjnungtn in Oberitalien (Strasburg. 1901); .Macistrf.tti. Pontificate Ambrosianum (Milan, 1897).

Herbert Thttrston.

Coronel, Gregorio Nunez, a distinguished theolo- gian, writer, and preacher, b. in Portugal, about l.')4S; d. about 120. At an early age he entered the Order of St. .\ugustine in one of its many houses in his native land. He manifested, during the course of his stud- ies, great powers of research and a ready grasp of the most abstruse problems of philosophy and theology. Soon after his ordination to th(^ jiriesthood he became famous as a profound theologian and master of .sacred eloquence. When his fame was at its zenith, he left Portugal and w;is appointed by the Duke of Savoy

Lon- Ut02, hlin

chaplain and preacher to his court. He came to Rome by order of his superiors, and there took the degree of Doctor of Divinity. Coronel taught theol- ogy for many years in the Eternal City with credit to himself and honoiu- to his order. At this time the controversy about the efficacy of Divine grace and free will between the Jesuits and Dominicans was at its height. The reigning pontiff. Clement VIII, estab- lished the famous Congregatio de Auxiliis to decide the points at issue, and Coronel was appointed by the jjope to the onerous and invidious position of secre- tary. He was continued in this office by Pope Clem- ent's successor, Paul V. As a reward for his services to the congregation, he was offered a bishopric. This 3 he declined, saying that at his age — he was then sixty li — honours and responsibilities were rather to be laid J down than assumed. He attended the general chap- i ter of his order, held at Rome in lf)20, as definitor of i : the Sardinian province. Coronel 's principal works] are: "Libri decem de vera Christ! Ecclesia" (Rome,

In

iloi

1594); "Libri sex de optimo reipublicse statu" (Rome, 1597); "De traditionibus apo.stolicis" (Rome, 1597). A history of the Congregatio de Auxiliis, in^ manuscript, is preserved in the Angelica Library in Rome.

Elssius, Encomiasticon A uqi. OsslNGF.R. Bibliotheca .1 ;. ': Lanteri. Postrema .so-cn/.; 1860); Barbosa and Xuii.. Bibliotheca: Angelica (Ri.ii.r. I v.i. tiniani Crusenii continually \,\ -M.

ininnum (Brus.sels, 1654);

-7,i,7 (Ingoldstadt, 1768); .\ugustinianfB (Rome, ' '!<ilngu.s manuscriptorum WJl l;\KiiON, Monastici Augus-

uh.l. 1903).

J. A. Knowles.

Coronel, Jr.\x, b. 1.569, in Spain: d. 1651 Merida, Mexico. He made his academic studies ai the University of Alcala de Henares, and joined th< Franciscans of the province of Castile. He was sent t< Yucatan, Mexico, in 1590, and there so familiarizec himself with the Maya language that he was able tt «"» teach it, the historian Cogolludo being one of his pu pils. Cogolludo says he wrote a Slaya gramma (Arte) that was printed in Mexico, of which, howevei nothing else is known. A catechism in Maya: " Doc trina cristiana en lengua Maya", was published a Mexico in 1C)2U, and in the same year there appeared i print, also at Mexico, "Discursos predicables y trati dos espirituales en lengua Maya". Both are exceec ingly rare. Father Coronel was one of the foremoi teachers of the Indians of Yucatan in the seventeent century. He was a strict Observant for sixty-seve years, always travelling barefooted. His great au; terity impeded his election to the office of Pro\nnci of the Franciscan Order in Yucatan.

Cogolludo, Hisioria de Yucatan (Madrid, 16SS; M^rid Dj 1842); Beristaix. Bihlioteca hispano-americana (Mexico, 181 Amecameca, 1883); Squier, Monograph, etc. (New Yor 1861) ; he merely copies Beristain.

Ad. F. B.vndelier,

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Corporal (from Lat. corpus, body), a squa white linen cloth, now usually somewhat smaller th; the breailth of an altar, upon which the Sacred He and chalice are placed during the celebratiori of Ma Although formal evidence is wanting, it may fairly assiuned that something in the nature of a corpo: has been in use since the earliest tlays of Christianii Naturally it is difficult in the early stages to dist guish the corporal from the altar-cloth, and a pasi of St. Optatus (c. .S75), which asks, "What Christ is unaware that in celebrating the Sacred Myster] the wood [of the altar] is covered with a linen clot! (ipsa lignn lintetimine cooprriri, Optatvis, VI, Ziwsa, p. 145), leaves us in doul>t which he is refer) to. This is probably the earliest ilirect testimoi for the statement of the "Liber Pontificalis", [Pope Sylvester] decreed that the Sacrifice should be cclelirateil upon a silken or dyed cloth, but O] on linen, spnmg from the earth, as the Body of ■ Lord ,Iesus Christ was buried in a clean linen shroij (Mominsen, p. 51), cannot be relied upon. Still,

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