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 CORMAC

373

CORNEILLE

the saintly Oliver Pluiiket, Archbishop of Armagh, with whom he formed an intimate friendship, and whom he prepared for his martyrdom, which took [ilace, lo June, 1681. Some very interesting corre- spontleiice which was carried on in prison between tiiesc two confessors of the Faith was published in the "Irish Ecclesiastical Record" (Sept., 1883). On the iccession of James II in 1685, Father Corker was re- leased and kept at the court as resident ambassador of Prince-Bishop Ferdinand of Bavaria, the Elector of (.'olof;ne. In 1087 he erected the little convent of St. Joliii at C'lerkenwell, where religious services were held for the jjublic, but which was destroyed by a mob, 11 November, KiSS, during the revolt against King James. Father Corker himself was obliged to seek refuge on the continent. In 1691 he was made Abbot of Cismar near Liibeck and, two years later, of Lam- springe, where he had made his religious profession. In Ki'.it) he resigned as abbot and returned to England to continue his missionarj' labours. He is the author of various pamphlets proving the innocence of those condemned for implication in the fictitious "Popish Plot."

CiiLLow, Bibl. Diet, of Ena. Cath. s. v.; Weldon. Chron- icl, ..;• ll,r EnglM Bmalidini: Monks (London. 18S1). 219, etc.; I MM M.M.R, Mcmoirx of M ix.iioimn, Pricsls (Derby, 1S431. II; M in /n.v/, Ktrl. Keconi. IV. 613 sq.; Taunton, The Erw-

-;. Monks uf SI. Biucdicl (London, 189S), II, passim; M (MNNN, Dl. Blnlziuqnt au.t den Tagen der Titus Oates \,rs,lm;,ning iFreiburg im Br., 1901\ 135 sq.

Michael Ott.

Connac MacCuilenan (836-908), an Irish bishop and King of Cashel, was of the race of Eoghanact, of Southern Ireland, and in his early years received a good education in one of the Irish schools. He was ordained priest, and afterwards appointed Bishop of Cashel. In the year 900 he became, on account of his descent. King of Cashel, and thus were combined in his ])erson the two offices of spiritual and temporal ruler of Leth Moga, as the southern portion of Ireland was called. The ardri (high king), Flann, assisted by tlif King of Leinster, led his forces into the Southern Pn)\ince (906), and was met by the Munstermen un- der Cormac at Moylena (Tullamore). The ardri suf- fered a signal defeat. Later on, however (908) Flann, assisted by Ceorbhall, King of Leinster, and Cathal, King of Connaught, returned to the attack, apparently because Cormac, instigated by Flaherty, Abbot of Inniscathay, had claimed tribute from Lein- ster, and had even signified his intention of assuming the position of ardri. The battle was fought at the present Ballymoon; the Munstermen suffered a com- plete defeat and Cormac was killed in the battle. .\n Irish Olo.s.sary called "Sanas Chormaic", containing ethnologies and explanations of over 1400 Irish words has come down to us. Though, etjTiiologically, the work is of little value, yet on account of the light it throws upon many ancient Irish customs and institu- tions it is of great importance to the historian. The "Glossarj' of ('ormac" is said to be only a part of the "Saltair Chaisil", also attributed to Cormac. This work, if it ever existed, has disappeared, or, as W. Stokes thinks, it is more likely that at best the "Saltair Chaisil" was only a collection of transcripts of manuscripts from the hands of different writers. The above-mentioned "Sanas Chormaic", or "Cor- mac 's Glossary ", was t ranslated and annotated by John O'Donovan and edited by W. Stokes (Calcutta, 1868). See Stokes, "Three Irish Glossaries" (London, 1862).

O'Donovan. The .innals of Ireland (Dublin), I. II; O'Cuhry, ilami.'tcripl Malcriah of Irish History (Dublin, 1873); O'Dono- van ed.. Books of Rights in Publications of Celtic Society: Webb, Compendium of Irish Biography (Dublin, 1878); D' Alton, His-

tory of Ireland (Dublin, 1903), I.

James MacCaffrey.

Comaro, Elena Lucrezia Piscopia, a learned Italian woman of noble descent, b. at Venice, 5 June, 1646; d. at Padua, 26 July, l(iS4. Her father, Gio-

vanni Battista Cornaro, was Procurator of St. Mark's. At the age of seven she began the study of Latin and Greek under distinguished instructors, and soon be- came proficient in these languages. She also mas- tered Hebrew, Spanish, French, and Arabic, earning the title of " Oraculum Septilingue". Her later studies included mathematics, philosophy, and theology. In 166.5 she took the habit of a Benedictine Oblate with- out, however, becoming a nun. In compliance with her father's wishes she entered the University of Padua and after a brQliant course of study received the doctorate in philosophy. The degree was con- ferred 25 June, 1678, in the cathedral of Padua in presence of many persons eminent for learning and rank. Elena was a member of various academies and was esteemed throughout Europe for her attainments and virtues. The last seven years of her life were de- voted to study and charity. She w;us buried in the church of Santa Giustina at Padua and her statue was placed in the university. Her writings, pub- lished at Parma in 1688, include academic discourses, translations, and devotional treatises. In 1685 the University of Padua caused a medal to be struck in her honour. In 1895 Abbess Mathilda Pynsent of the English Benedictine Nuns in Rome had Elena's tomb opened, the remains placed in a new casket, and a suitable tablet inscribed to her memory.

Biographies (in Italian) by Deza (Venice, 1686); Lupis (Venice, 16S91; Bacchim (Parma. 168S); more recently, De Santi (Rome. 1899); .\bbess Pynsent. Life of Helen Lucretia Comaro (Rome, 1896). For an account of the h)ibliography see Civaib Cattolica (Rome, 1898-1899), 17th series, vols. IV, V; Bailey, A Daughter of the Doges in Amer. Cath. Quart. Review (Philadelphia, 1896), XXI, 820.

E. A. Pace.

Corneille, Jean-Baptiste, French painter, etcher, and engra\er, b. at Paris between 1646 and 1649; d. there, 12 April, 1695. He was the youngest son of Michel Corneille of Orleans, and brother of the younger Michel. He is known as " the younger Corneille". His devoted father was his teacher and painstakingly prepared the youth for his future successes as an historical painter. In 1664 he won the second prize and in 16(58 the fir-st prize of the academy. He then went to study in Rome and, on his return in 1675 was received into the Royal .Academy, painting for liis reception-picture the "Punishment of Busiris by Hercules", now one of the notable canva.ses in the Louvre. He painted in some of the Paris churches and in 1679 finished his "Deliverance of St. Peter from Prison" for the Cathedral of Notre-Dame. With Jacques Vouet he was employed on the decorations of the Tuileries. In 1692 he was appointed professor in the academy.

His style, like Ivis brother's, was that of the scluiol of the Desiderosi, but Jean was somewhat inferior to the younger Michel in composition and drawing. Many of the paintings of this excellent artist were engraved by contemporaries, a few by the great Mariette, and Jean himself engraved and etched plates after his own designs and finished pictures, and after the Carracci. His work with acid and the burin was spirited and exhibited his thorough masterj' of technic. He commenced and finished his plates after the manner of .\gostino Carracci. His most important plates were: "Bust of Michel- angelo", "St. Bernard", "Mercury in the Air", and "St. John in the Wilderness" (after Annibale Car- racci).

For bibliography, see article Corneille, Michel (the Younger).

Leigh Hunt

Corneille, Michel, a French painter, etcher and engraver, b. in Paris in 1642; d. at the Gobelins manufactory at Paris, 16 .-August, 1708. He w!is the son of an artist, Michel Corneille of Orleans, and on this account is sometimes called the "younger Mi- chel". He is .also and more commonly known as