Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 4.djvu/305

 CONRAD

20 1

CONRY

raons and the "Speculum Beatse Maria; Virginis"; the latter, at times erroneously attributed to .St. Bona- enture, has recently been edited by the Friars Minor t Quaracchi. The preface to this excellent edition of the "'Speculum" contains a brief sketch of the life of L'onrad of Saxony and a critical estimate of his other n-ri tings.

Spmiliim B. M. V. Fr. Conradi a Siu-ania (Quaracchi, 1904); ■iTialecla Franciscana ((Juaracchi, 1SS7), II, 69, 83.

Stephen M. Donovan.

Conrad of tJrach, Cardinal-Bishop of Porto and Santa Rufina; born about IISO; d. 1227. At an early jge he became canon of the church of St. Lambert, 'he cathedral of Liege. In 1 199 he entered the Cister- cian monastery of Villers in Belgium, of which he soon )ecame prior and, in 1209, abbot. In 1214 he was ?hosen Abbot of Clairvairx and, in 1217, Abbot of i'iteaux and general of his order. Pope Honorius III •rcated liim cardinal, 8 January, 1219, and charged lim with two important legations, one in France 1220-23), to suj)|)ress the Albigenses; the other in icrmany (1224-26), to preach and arrange the crusade vliich Frederick II had vowed to undertake. After he death of Honorius III the cardinals agreed to elect lim pope, but he refused the dignity. The Cistercians encrate him as Blessed (.30 September).

(Ii.oNiNG, Conrad von Urach, Cardinalbischof von Porto und onclii Rufina (Augsburg, 1901); Clement, Conrad d'Urach. de ortirr de CUeaux, Legal en France et en Allemaffne in Revue i' nnlicline (Maredsous, 1905), XXII, 232 sqq.; Schrecken- TKiN, Konrad von Urach als Cardinatlegat in Deutschland in 'or^chungen zur deutschen Geschichte (Gottingen, 1867). VII, Jl-393.

Mich.\el Ott.

Conrad of Utrecht, Bi.shop, b. in Swabia at an inknown date; killed at Utrecht, 14 April, 1099. Jefore becoming bishop he was chamberlain of Arch- lishop Anno II of Cologne and, for a time, tutor of 'rince Henrj', the future Emperor Henry IV. When he excommunicated Bishop William of Utrecht lied in 1076, the emperor gave the episcopal See of Ttrecht to Conrad, who, like his predecessor, sided .■i*h Henry IV in his conflicts with Gregory Vll, and t the Synod of Brixen in 1080 even condemned the ■ope as a heretic. The contemporary annalist, Lam- bert of Hersfeld, calls Conrad a schismatic bishop, un- .'orthy of holding an episcopal see. In a battle with loliert. Count of Flanders, Conrad was defeated, fterwards taken captive and compelled to yield part f South Holland to Robert. This territorial loss of he bishop was compensated by the emperor, who, in 077. gave him the district of Stavoren in Friesland, nd in 1086 added the two other Frisian districts, tetergau and Westergau. Conrad is the founder and rcliitect of the collegiate church of Notre-Dame at Itrecht. He was assassinated, shortly after corn- let ing the Holy Sacrifice, by liis Frisian architect fhom he had discharged, and who, in the opinion of }mc, was instigated by a certain nobleman whose omains Conrad held unjustly. He is said to have 'ritten the discourse "Pro Imperatore contra hpam", and to have delivered it at the Synod of lerstungen in 108.5. It is inserted by Aventinus (d. 534) in his "Vita Henrici IV" and by Coldast (d. 606) in his "Pro Henrico IV imperatore". Hefele Donciliengeschichtc, V. ISO, note) is of the opinion lat the discourse is falsely attributed to Conrad of

trecht, and that Aventinus liimself is the author.

Ruperii Chronicon in Mon. Germ. Ilist.: Script., VIII, 278.

Michael Ott.

Conry (or Conroy), Flohence, in Irish Flaithri 'Maolconaire (O'MuLcoNRv), Archbishop of Tuam, itriot, theologian, and founder of the Irish (Fr.an- .fcan) College of St. .\nthoMV at l.oiivain, b. in Gal- ay, 1560; d. at Madrid, 18" Nov., 1629. His early uiliis were made on the Continent, in the Nether- uds, and in Spain; at Salamanca he joined the Fran-

ciscans. In 1588 he was appointed provincial of the oriler in Ireland and as such sailed with the Spanish Armada; we have no details as to the manner of his escape from the disaster which overtook that ill-fated expedition. At all times active in the interest of his native land he was again sent tr Ireland, this time by Clement VIII, to aid with counsel and influence the Irish and their Spanish allies during the last struggle of Hugh O'Neill (Tyrone's Rebellion) for the inde- pendence of Ireland. After the disaster of Kinsale (1601) he accompanied Hugh Koe O'Donnell (Prince of Tj-rconnell) to Spain in the hope of interesting anew the Spanish Court. But the great chieftain soon died at Simancas, being assisted on his death-bed by Father Conry (Four Masters, ad an. 1602) who also accompanied the remains to their last resting place in the Franciscan church at Valladolid. Conry was also deeply interested in the welfare of the Irish College at Salamanca (q. v.). When the native Irish chieftains, the Earl of Tyrone (Hugh O'Neill) and the Earl of Tyrconnell (Rory O'Donnell, brother of Hugh Roe), fled from Ireland in 1607, Conry proved a devoted friend in their exile and accompanied them to Rome. For the so-called "Revelations" of Christopher St. Laurence, Baron of Howth, implicating Father Conry and the principal Irish in an imaginary plot to seize Dublin Castle and raise a new rebellion just previous to the "Flight of the Earls "see Mechan (cited below), pp. 67-73. At Rome Father Conry was consecrated Archbishop of Tuam in 1609 by Cardinal Maffeo Bar- berini (later Urban VIII), always a warm friend of the persecuted Irish Catholics. In 1614 Conry wrote from Valladolid a vigorous remonstrance to the Catholic members of the Irish Parliament for their cowardly adhesion to the Bill of Attainder that deprived of their estates the fugitive Irish earls and their adherents and vested six whole counties of Ulster in the English Crown. Meehan says of this docinnent that it is "stamped in its every line with the impress of a great mind" (Fate and Fortunes of the Earls of Tyrone ami Tyrconnell, Dublin, 1886, 3d ed., pp. 262, 395).

In 1616 Archbishop Conrj' founded at Louvain for Irish Frjinciscan youth the College of St. Anthony of Padua, principally with means furnished by Princess Isabella, wife of Archduke Albert, and daughter of Philip the Second. The archbishop was himself the foremost member of this famous Irish Franciscan house of studies whence came a long line of erudite and virtuous historians and archa'ologists (O'Clery, Col- gan, Hugh Ward, Francis Walsh, and others: cf. V. De Buck, " L'archeologie iriandaise au convent de Saint- Antoinede Padoue a Louvain ", Paris, 1869), and where the most acti\'e Irish printing jiress on the Continent was long in operation. One of the earliest works of Conry was a translation from Spanish into very pure Irish of a catechism known as " The Mirror of Christian Life", printed at Louvain in 1626, but probably cur- rent in mamiscript at an earlier date, both in Ireland and among the Iri.sh troops in the Netherlands; this was composed, as he says himself "out of charity for the souls of the Gael". As Archbishop of Tuam, Conry never took possession of his see, owing to the royal proclamations of 1606, 1614, 1623, commanding all bishops and priests, under the gravest penalties, to quit the kingdom. But he governed Tuam through vicars-general .-uid continued to live principally at St. Anthony's in Louvain, not improbably on the bounty of the King of .Spain, as was the case with many Irish ecclesi;istics of the time. His influence in Iri.sh mat- ters at the royal court wtis always considerable; thus, as late as 16i8 we find him presenting to the Council of Spain Philip 0'.Sullivan Beare's " Relation of Ire- land and the Number of Irish therein", and in the following year his own "StatenK'iit of the .Severities Practised by England against the Irish ('atholics". Like his fellow-Franciscan, Luke Wadding, and Peter Lombard, .\rchbishop of Armagh, he was ever at the