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CONNOLLY

tion of books and money of the value of al)Ou( £800, made by Elihu Vale. Vale was born near Boston in 1648, but on his maturity removed to Enfjiand where he died in 1721, never ha\ing returned to I lie colonies. The declared intention of the founders of the College was to educate young men for the ministry of the Congregational sect, then, and for many years after, the established religion of the colony. It received from time to time substantial grants from the Colonial Assembly, and the only one of its ancient group of buildings still remaining, and recently restored, was erected with funds granted for that purpose by the legislature. In 1715 it received a new charter.

To the original college other faculties and depart- ments have from time to time been added. In 1812 a school of medicine was established; in 1822, theo- logy; in 1824, law; in 1847, a school of science, now known as the Sheffield Scientific School; in 1868, a school of fine arts; in 1894, a department of music, and in 1900, a forest school. These several schools and departments, together with the Peabody Museum of Natural History, founded in 1866, and the Win- chester Observatory in 1871, together constitute Yale University. More than 3,000 students are enrolled in all of its departments, and its various faculties num- ber 320 professors and instructors. Its libraries con- tain about 500,000 volumes. In 1907 its property and funds amounted to nearly nine millions of dollars in value, and it expended in that year more than one million dollars in its operations.- Yale has long since ceased to be denominational or sectarian in its char- acter and influence, and has become substantially a secular institution. Upwards of 300 Catholics are numbered among its students, and several among the instructors.

Other colleges in the State are Trinity, established in Hartford, the capital of the State, by the Episco- palians in 1824, which has 200 students, and Wesleyan riii\(>rsity at Middletown, chartered in ]s:i\, and iiiiilcr the control of the Methodist Epis<'cipalians. Tmis institution has about 350 students, and thirty-five pKilcssors and instructors. There is no State uni- VI r~ity, as such, although a school of agi-iculture was r>t,il)lished by the State in the town of Mansfield in l^^l, upon the bequest of Augustus Storrs. This in- st nut ion now receives the income of the various grants from ilie United States to Connecticut for the mainte- ri.inrc of colleges for instruction in agriculture and the niirli.'inic arts, and is duly incorporated as the Con- 111 ' i icut Agricultural College. It has an enrolhnent ' ' 1 1 II lilt 140 students, with twenty-eight professors "> ii University maintains advanced courses in civil, nil I hanical, electrical, and mining engineering, which ■.ivr pursued by large numbers of students.
 * iii I instructors. The Sheffield Scientific School of

Ill the State system of public schools, high schools

iiiiintained in all cities and considerable towns,

listrict or grammar schools are conveniently ac-

.iile to every child in the State. The public

-I I 'Ills have a total enrollment of 163,141 pui)ils, with

l.-Nl teachers. The total amount expended for the

II iiiil<'nance of these schools, including expenditures

III iM'W buildings and repairs, was for the year 1905, f' 711.'), 2.59. Besides the State schools, good schools

I '111' grammar grade are maintained in most of the 1 - r CathoUc parishes. There are 75 of these I I H hial schools in the State, with 31,877 pupils, and jii"! 1 teachers. The teachers are almost exclusively netnbers of various si.sterhoods. The establishment jf the.se parochial .schools has cost the Catholic popu- ation of the State .S3,290,700, and the annual cost of heir maintenance has reached the sum of $475,355. These schools receive no aid from the State or other jublic funds.

Church Statistics. — The See of Hartford was >rected IS Sei)teniber, 1843, with jurisdiction over -he States of Connecticut and Rhode Island. These IV.— 17

States had formerly been included in the Diocese of Boston. The first Bishop of Hartford was the Right Reverend WilUam Taylor, who, with his successors, maintained the episcopal residence in the city of Providence until 1872, when Rhode Island was set apart :us the Diocese of Providence, and Bishop Mc- Farland then took up his residence in Hartford. In 1835 a census taken by Bishop Fenwick of Boston found about 720 Catholics in Connecticut, and in 1844 Catholics numbered 4817. In 1890 they had increased to 152,945, outnumbering the communi- cants of all Protestant dcnmiiiiiatiuns by more than 5000. In 1899 the Cath(jlic ]iuiiulation in'Connecticut exceeded 250,000, and in 1908 had reached 395,354, with a remaining non-Catholic population of 725,000. Neither the coloured nor the Indian races contribute appreciably to this number. For the most part the Catholics of Connecticut are of Irish ancestry, largely augmented by the German, Itahan, French Canadian, and Polish immigrations of recent years. Compara- tively few trace their ancestry to the early settlers of the colony, and these generally are converts or belong to the families of converts. The number of conver- sions has been slowly but steadily increasing, but the enormous growth of the Cathohc Church in Connecti- cut is still chiefly due to the great tide of immigration from European countries during the last half-century.

The Congregationalists are the most numerous of the Protestant denominations, having, according to the religious census taken in IS'.IO, .59,154 members. The same census discln.srj 2(i,ri.')i3 Protestant Episco- palians, 29,411 Methodists, and 22,372 Baptists. It is notable that of Presbyterians, probably in other parts of the United States one of the most numerous of the Protestant bodies, there were in Connecticut at the time of the taking of this census only 1680 communicants.

HoLLisTEH, //.~/..r,/ ,.f C,,,, „,;-i i.;,i (Now Havcii, 1835), II; LivERMORE. l;...ni<!. ' \. //.',.„ (Baltimoro, ISSB); Bar- ber, Connrch' '■ II ' <■ > in.ns (New Haven, 1836); Trumbdll, Ih ;, .; ' ,; ( W-iv London, 1898), II; Colonial Rcan.l.. uj ( (..i.-ii..., ;i.'. ra:=. Trl'MBULL and Ho.\DLEY (Hartford, 1S50-1SU0), X\'; .Ytu' JIavcn Colonial Records, ed. HOADLEY (Hartford, 1S57-8), II; O'Donnell, History oj the Diocese of Harlford (Boston, 1900).

James Henry Webb.

Connolly, John, second Bishop of New York, U. S. A., b. at Slane, Co. Meath, Ireland, 17.50; d. New York, 6 PVbruary, 1825. He joined the Dominican Order in early youth and was sent to Rome, where, after ordination to the priesthood, he became profes- sor at St. Clement's, theologian of the Minerva, agent of the Irish Bishops, and Prior of .St. Clement's. Both Pius VI and Pius VII held him in high esteem. By his influence he saved the Irish, Scotch, and English colleges and his own convent, church, and Ubrary from being plundered by the French invaders. He was nominated Bishop of New York as successor to Bishop Concanen, who had desired his appointment in the first instance. He was consecrated in Rome. 6 November, 1814, but did not reach New York until 24 November, 1815. Despite advanced years and untoward circumstances, he did the fruitful work of both bishop and missionary almost to the day of his death. The diocese then included all New York and part of New Jer.sey, for which there were only four priests. He built several churches, founded an or- phan asylum, and introduced the Sisters of Charity. Actively interested in religious progress throughout the country, lie advocated the idea of a diocese in every state as the best means of promoting the cause of the Church.

Bayley, a Brief Sketch of the Hist, of the Cath. Ch. on the Island of New York (New York, 1853); De CorRCY and Shea, History of the Cath. Ch. in the U. S. (New York, 1856); Clarke, Lites of the Deceased Bishops (New York, 1872), I, 192; Cath- olic Miscellany (Charleston). 61es 1824 and 1825 passim.

Victor F. O'Daniel. Connolly, Thomas Louis. See Halifax.