Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 4.djvu/281

 CONGO

2.37

CONGO

cncp, the present missionaries confer baptism only on those who have been well instructed and well tested. Tlii'ir chief reliance is placed in the education of the yiiiiig. Hence in the stations they have founded mIkioIs where religion is taught along with the trades. 1 or the Catholics it is the religious, men and women, who have devoted themselves to this work; among thf Protestants Mrs. Bentley deserves the highest jiraise for the intelligent direction she has given to the trade instruction. The fermes-chapelks, of which nii'iition is often made, are rural schools where, under th.' guidance of certain picked pupils, the young Coi.ijolese are taught agriculture. The missionary uho regularly visits these posts supplies the farm in- ^'1 iiments and the seeds; the chief who grants the use

Fathers possessed a school of catechists with 73 pupils, a petit semirmire with 14 pupils, and a grand seminaire with one pupil. The resources of the Catholic mis- sions are mostly derived from private charity. Many Protestant missions are very richly endowed.

I-VII. — For the History op Congo before the Estab- LISHMEXT OF THE State. — PiG^FETTA. Le C&ngo, La veridique

di-xrHr^'^m ,1" ri r- ,7,- 1 ' - r, 'i , from the Latin ed. of 1598 (Bru- • N, 1 ^^ ' I ; II ' rhp.Beschreibung der in dem

v?it' r> \! , / licgcnde drei Konigreichen

Con:;<'. .1/; :",■ 1, ■ ^j nd dcr jelzigen Apostolischen

Mi-s.^wH' n, .N" It'll u'li'iL ly. tupucinen daseWst verzichtet warden (MuuiL-h, 1G94); Milne Edwards, Investi^acoes geogra- phical dos portugufzfji {Lisbon, 1879): Stanley, Through the Dark Continent (1879); Idem. The Congo: Its Past History, Present Development, arid FutureCommercial Prospects (London, 1884); Idem, England and the Congo and Manchester Trade, and

CVTHOLIC MISSIONS IN THE CONGO.

o 2

o 8

Missionary Bodies

s

S 1

5 S.

„•

m

^ s = -§

Ill

1 -1

.2

1

1

« Jl

K02 ^^

n ^

S

o

i «

g S,

w o

g

n

pq

d

29 M. P.

37 Schools

( 10 Hospitals 1 \ 20 Dispensaries }■ 1 15 Homes i

White Fathers

7

25

12

4823

18,797

r 28 M. P. 1 J 56 Catechu-
 * raenates (Lower

Priests of Soheutveld

23

2 Hospitals

68

22

8753

21,006

L (3ongo)

Jesuits

6

400 F. Oh.

1 Hospital

22

12

3590

4063

Premonstratensians

3

23 M. P.

9

8

1000(?)

3000(?)

Trappists

Fathers of the Sacred Heart

4

11 M. P.

1 Hospital

9

3

3000

9000

8

37 F. Oh.

1 Hospital

17

2

3778

4396

Redemptorists

6

47 F. Ch. 2 Schools

1 Hospital

12

12

1500

3000

White Sisters

o

1 Home

9

Sisters of Charity



5 Schools

2 Homes 2 Hospitals

28

Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Marv

2

2 Schools

2 Homes

9

Included among

Franciscan Sisters

4

1 Hospital

32

figures given above

Missionary Sisters of tlie Precious Blood

2

2 Schools

2 Homes 1 Hospital

11

Sisters of Our Lady

2

2 Schools

2 Homes

16

of the plot of ground still retains his title to the prop- erty ; while the pupils, who form a sort of community round a little chapel, have the usufruct. A wise law of the State places at the disposal of charitable and philanthropical institutions the orphans and aban- doned children, who are very numerous in the Congo. Hitherto the Catholics (with the exception of one Protestant mLssion) have been the only missioners to claim them. The catechists render very valuable services to the missionaries; they are always selected from among the cleverest and best trained of the young native Christians. The sleeping-sickness has given rise to several hospitals, or lazarets, conducted by the missionaries. Both Protestant and Catholic missions have established printing presses; that of the Catholics is at Kisantu. To facilitate transportation the Protestants have four steamers, and the Catholics two. In respect to the relations between the missions and the civil power we may cite the convention con- cluded May, 1906, between the Holy See and the State. The latter agreed to grant certain lands to the missions, in return for which it stipulated for the open- ing and maintenance of schools and religious services in the principal centres. Both agreed to maintain harmony between their respective subjects, and to regulate amicably all dififerences. In 1907 the \\Tiite

the Works and Aims of the International Association (Manches- ter, 1884); Idem. Cinq nnnce^ au Congo, Fr. tr. GERARD(Brus8eIs, 1886); De S-,-— ^• ■ ^'■•■-v. Esboco historico do Congo e Loango nos tempo : ■ ' 'f-ndo uma resenha das costumes e

vocabulano Cabinda (Lisbon, 1888); Werner,

A Visit to ■ - iiiard at Major BartletVs camp on

the Aruhwiiit. " on on .f.ountof River Life on the Congo (Lon- don, 1889); Li\i.M.aiONE, Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa, including a Sketch of Sixteen Years Residence in the Interior of Africa (London); Hore, Tanganyka: Eleven Years in Central Africa (London. 1892); Junker, Travels in Africa, tr. by Keene (London, 1890, 1892); Glave. Six I'ears of Adventure in Congoland, preface by Stanley (London, 1893); Stanley, In Darkest Africa (1890).

Since the Establishment of the Independent State. — fa) Impartial: — Wauters, Rrsume des principaux fails de Vhistoire de fmnTe africaine (Brussels, 1878-87); Alexis. Le Congo Beige Ulustri ou I'Etat Indipendant du Congo (Li^'ge, 1892); Lallemand, L'QCuvre Congolaise. Esquisse historique el geo- graphique (Brussels. 1897); Etudes elhnologiques et ethnographi- qites sur les populations du Congo, Questionnaire ethnographique, published by the Museum of the Independent State (Bru-ssels, 1898); Questiwinaire ethnographique et sociologique, published by the Museum of the Indep. State (Brussels, 1898); Mille, Au Congo Beige, avec des notes et des documents recents relatifs au Congo Franfais (Paris. 1899); Philips, An Account of the Congo Independent State (Philadelphia, 1899); Blanchard, Formation et constitution de I'Etat Independant du Congo (Paris, 1899); Wacters, L'Elal Indipendant du Congo (Brussels, 1899); Man^iel du voyageur el du resident au Congo, redige sous la direc- tion du Colonel bonny (Brussels, 1900); Speter. Comment nous gouvemerons le Congo (Brussels, 1902); Vermeersch, La Question Congolaise: Les destinies du Congo Beige (Brussels, 1906); LouwERs, Elements du droit de I'Etat Independant du