Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 4.djvu/191

 COLUMBUS

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COLUMBUS

Other members of the Columbus family also ac- 'piirrd fame: —

DiKcio, the first son of Christopher and heir to his t itlis and prerogatives, was b. at Lisbon, 1476, and d. at Montalvan, near Toledo, 23 February, 1526. He was made a page to Queen Isabella in 1492, and re- mained at court until 1508. Having obtained confir- mation of the privileges originally conceded to his father (the title of viceroy of the newly discovered ciiuiitries excepted) he went to Santo Domingo in 1 509 as Admiral of the Indies and Governor of Hispani- iila. The authority of Diego Velazquez as governor, however, had become too firmly established, and I )iego was met by open and secret opposition, especi- ally from the royal Audiencia. VLsiting Spain in 1520 he wa.s favourably received and new honours bestowed upon him. However, in 1523, he had to return again til Sjiain to answer charges against him. The re- luaiinler of his life was taken up by the suit of the heirs I if Columbus against the royal treasury, a memorable legal contest only terminated in 1564. Diego seems to have been a man of no extraordinary attainments, but ijf considerable tenacity of character.

Ferdinand, better known as Fernando Colon, second son of Christopher, by Doiia Beatriz Enriquez, a lady of a noble family of Cordova in Spain, was li. at Cordova, 15 August, 1488; d. at Seville, 12 July, 1539. As he was naturally far more gifted than his half-brother Diego, he was a fa- vourite with his father, whom he accompanied on the last voyage. As early as 1498 Queen Isabella had made him one of her pages and Columbus in his will (1505) left him an ample income, which was subsequently increased by royal grants. Fer- nando had decided literary tastes and wrote well in Spanish. While it is stated that he wrote a history of the West Indies, there are now extant only two works by him: " Descripcion y cosmografia de Espaiia", a de- tailed geographical itinerary begun in 1517, published at Madrid in the " Boletin de la Real Sociedad geogrd- fica" (1906-07) ; and the life of the admiral, his father, written about 1534, the Spanish original of which has been lost. It was publi-shed in an Italian translation by Ulloa in 1571 as "Vita dell' ammiragho", and re- translated into Spanish by Barcia, " Historiadores priniitivos de Indias" (Madrid, 1749). As might be expected this biography is sometimes partial, though Fernando often sides with the Spanish monarchs against his father. Of the highest value is the report by Fray Roman Pane on the customs of the Haitian Indians which is incorporated into the text. (See Akawaks.) Fernando left to the cathedral chapter of Seville a library of 20,000 volumes, a part of which still exists and is known as the Biblioteca Colombina.

Bartholomew, elder brother of Christopher, b. pos- sibly in 1445 at Genoa ; d. at Santo Domingo, May, 1515. Like Christopher he became a seafarer at an early age. After his attempts to interest the Kings of France and England in his brother's projects, his life wiis bound up with that of hLs brother. It was during his time that bloodhounds were introduced into the West In- des. He was a man of great energy and some military talent, and during Christopher's last voyage took the leadership at critical moments. After 1506 he prob- ably went to Rome and in 1509 back to the West In- dies with his nephew Diego.

Diego, younger brother of Christopher and hi.s companion on the second voyage, b. probably at Genoa; d. at Santo Domingo after 1509. After his release from chains in Spain (1500) he became a priest and returned to the West Indies in 1509.

The trart of Christopher CoLrMBrs. Dr prima in mari Jndico htslratione, was published "w-ith the Bellum Chrislianorum principum of Robkrt, .\bbot of Saint-Rkmi (Basle, 1.133). — Codici diplomatico-Colombo-Armricano, ossia Raccolta di docu- menli spellanli a Cr. f'of. etc. (Genoa. 1823); Anon., Cr. Col. aiutato dei minorile nella scoperta dfl nuovo mondo (Genoa, 1846); S\NOUINETTI, Vila di Colombo (Genoa, 1846); Bossi, Vitadi Cr.Col. (Milan, 1818); Hpotorno, /W/o orijiru: c rfcHa

palria di Cr. Col. (Genoa. 1819); Navarrete, Coleccion de los viajcs y descubrimientos. . . desde fines del siglo XV (Madrid, 1S2.'>). I, II; Avezac-Macava, Anncc veritable de la naissance de. Chr. Cnl. (Paris. 1873); Roselly de Lorgnea. Vie et voyages dc Chr. Col. (Paris, 1861), from wliirh wa-s rompiied by Barry. Life of Chr. Col. (New York, 1869); Roselly de LoRiiXES, Satan conire Chr. Col. (Genoa, 1S46); Columbus, Ferdin.\nd. French tr. by Mcller, Hist, de la vie el des decou- vertes de Chr. Col. (Paris, s. d.); Major (tr.), Select Letters of Chr. Col. (London, 1847 and 1870); Harrisse, Fernando Coli}n historiador de su padre (Seville, 1S7I); Vignaud, La maison d'.Alba et le.'i archives eolombiennes (Paris, 1904); IJhagon, La Patria de Colon ^egim los documentos de las ordenes militares (Madrid. 1^92 i; Uziello in Congresso geografico italiano: Atti for April, 1901, TuscanelH. Colombo e Vespucci (Milan, 1902); WiNSOR, Chrisloplur Columbus (Boston, 1891); Adams, Christo- pher Columbu.i. in Makers of America (New York, 1892); DuRO. Collin y la Hi.-iloria P.istuma (.Wadrid. 18S5): Thacher, Chris- topher Columbus: His Life. His Work, His Remains (3 vols.. New York. 1903-1904) ; Irving. Life and Voyages of Christo- pher Columhus (3 vols.. New York, 1808) ; Peter Martyr, De orbenovo (Alcald. 1530); Las Casas, Historic de las Indias in Documentos para la historia de Espana; Ovtedo, Hist, general (Madrid, 1850). The last three authors had personal inter- course with Columbus, and their works are the chief source of information concerning him. Clarke. Christopher Columbus in The Am. Cath. Quart. Rev. (1892) ; Shea. Columbus, This Cen- turies Estimate of His Lifeand Work (ibid.) ; U. S. Cath. Hist. Soc. The Cosmographia: Inlroduelio of Martin Waldseemiitler (New York. 1908). j^^ p Bandelier.

Columbus, Diocese of. — The Diocese of Columbus comprises that part of the State of Ohio, south of 40 degrees and 41 minutes, lying between the Ohio River on the east and the Scioto River on the west, and also the Counties of Delaware, Franklin, and Morrow, twenty-nine counties of the eighty-eight into which the State of Ohio is di\nded; it contains 13,685 square miles. This portion of the State belonged originally to tlie Diocese of Cincinnati, and was recommended to Rome for erection as a see by tlie Fathers of the Second Plenary Council, of Baltimore, held in 1866. It was not until 3 March, 1868, that the official docu- ments were issued erecting the diocese and naming as its first bishop Sylvester Horton Ro.secrans, who had been coiLseerated Auxiliary Bishop of Cincinnati and Titular Bishop of Pomi»iopolis, 25 March, 1862. The portion of Ohio assigned to this diocese was in 1868 to a large extent but sparsely populated; no railroad had as yet penetrated some of the counties, and the bishop was forced to make many of the journeys on his visitations by stage, wagon, or steamboat. The Dominican Fathers were the earliest missionaries in Ohio, locating at St. Joseph's, Perry County, in the early part of the nineteenth century, and from their number was chosen the first Bishop of Cincinnati, Edward Fenwick. The first place of Catholic wor- ship in Ohio was at St. Joseph's, Perry County. This chapel was built of logs and was blessed 6 December, 1818, by Rev. Edward Fenwick and his nephew. Rev. N. D. Young, both natives of Maryland, and receiving their jurisdiction from Bishop Flaget, who was then the only bishop between the AUeghenies and the Miss- issipjii. The congregation consisted of ten families. An humble convent was built near by, and its inmates were one jVinerican, N. D. Young, one Irishman, Thos. Martin, and one Belgian, Vincent De Rymaeher. The second chajiel erected in Ohio was also in this diocese, bles.sed in 1822, near what is now Danville, Knox County, (hen known as Sapp's Settlement, a colony from nearCumberland.Maryland.many of its members direct descendants of the colonLstsof Lord Baltimore. This chapel was built of logs and was blessed by Dominican Fathers and the humble congregation ministered to by them. Within a few miles of this second Catholic settlement in Ohio is the college town of Gambier, seat of Kenyon College and the Episcopa- lian Seminary of the Diocese of Ohio, over which in 1868 presided, before his conversion. Dr. James Kent Stone, afterwards Father Fidelis of the Congregation of St. Paul of the Cross. From its walls have gone forth many illustrious men who in after-life turned their eyes to the Church, among them Bishop Rosecrans and ills brother, General Rosecrans, Henry Richards,