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 COLMAN

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COLMAR

the tradition of the diocese point to 29 October, on which day his festival has been kept from time im- memorial, and which was fLxed by a rescript of Pope Benedict XIV, in 1747, as a major double.

Marlyrology of Dan cgal .ed. Todd and Reeves (Dublin. 1864) ; Customs of Hy-Fiachrach^ed. O' Donovan; Lanigan, Eccle- siastical History of Ireland (Dublin, 1829); II; Colgan, Acta Sanct. Hib. (Louvain, 1645); Petrie, Round Towers (Dublin, 1845); Fahey, Hist, and Ant. of Kilmacduagh (1893).

(2) CoLMAN, of Templeshambo. was also a Con- nacht saint, and has been confounded with the patron of Kilmacduagh. but he lived somewhat earlier, and the sphere of his ministry lay in the present County Wexford. He was a contemporary of Saint Aidan, who appointed him Abbot of Templeshambo, the mother church of Enniscorthy. Many legends are told of Saint Colman and of his holy well with its sacred ducks, but certain it is that he laboured zeal- ously at the foot of Mount Leinster, his monastery being known as Temple Sean Bothe. He died c. 595 on 27 October, on which daj' his feast is recorded in the ■" Martyrology of Donegal".

Customs of Hy-Fiachrach: Coloan, Ada. Sanct. Hib.: Mar- tyrology of Donegal; Fahet. Hist, and Ant. of Kilmacduagh (1893); Grattan-Flood. //tsl. o/ i.'nnwcar/A!/ (1898); Shear- man, Loca Patriciana (Dublin. 1882).

(3) Colman Mac Lenine, founder and patron of the See of Cloyne, b. in Munster, c. 510; d. 24 Novem- ber, 601. He was endowed with extraordinary poetic powers, being styled bj'' his contemporaries "Royal Bard of Munster". The Ardrigh of Ireland gave him Clojme, in the present County Cork, for his cathedral abbey, in 560, and he laboured for more than forty years in his extensive diocese. Several of his Irish poems are still extant, notably a metrical panegyric on St. Brendan. Colgan men- tions a metrical life of St. Senan by him. His feast is observed on 24 November. Another St. Colman is also venerated on the same day, as recorded by St. Aengus in his "Felire": —

Mac Lenine the most excellent With Colman of Duth-chuilleann. Archdall. Monasticcm Hibemicum, ed. Moran (1873); Coloan. Acta Sanct. Hib.; Hyde. Literary History of Ireland (New York, 1901); Smith, History of Cork; Olden. Some Notices of St. Colman of Cloyne (1881); Stokes. Anecdota Ozon. (1890).

(4) Colman, founder of the Abbey and Diocese of Mayo, b. in Connacht, c. 605; d. 8 August, 676. He became a monk of lona, and so famous were his virtues and learning, as testified by St. Bede, that on the death of St. Finan, in 661, he was appointed Bishop of Lindisfarne. During his brief episcopacy, the Synod of Whitby was held, in 664, as a result of which (St. Colman being a determined protagonist of the old Irish computation), owing to the decision of lung Oswy on the Paschal controversy, he resigned his see. Between the years 665 and 667 St. Colman founded several churches in Scotland, and, at length, accompanied by thirty disciples, sailed for Ireland, settling down at Innisboffin. County Mayo, in 668. Less than three years later he erected an abbey, ex- clusively for the English monks in Mayo, subsequently known as "Mayo of the Saxons". His last days were spent on the island of Innisboffin. His feast is cele- brated 8 August.

Healy, Insula Sanctorum et Doctorum (1902); O'Hanlon. Lives of the Irish Saints, VIII; Moran, Irish Saints in Great Britain (1903): Knox, Notes on the Dioceses of Tuam (1904); Bede. Ecclesiastical History of England, ed. Plummer (Lon- don. 1907).

(5) Colman. b. in Dalaradia, c. 4,50; date of death uncertain. His feast is celebrated 7 June. He founded the See of Dromore, of which he is patron anil over which he presided as bishop. He studied at Noendrum (Mahee Island), under St. Mochae or Coelan, one of the earliest disciples of St. Patrick. Many interesting .stories are told of his edifying life at Noendrum and the miracles he worked there. To perfect his knowledge of the Scriptures St. Colman

went to the great school of Emly, c. 470 or 475, and remained there some years. At length he returned to Mahee Island to see his old master, St. Mochae, and remained under his guidance for a long period, acting as assistant in the school. Among his many pupils at Mahee Island, in the first quarter of the sixth cen- tury, was St. Finian of Moville.

Colgan. Acta Sand. Hib.; Healy, Insula Sanctorum et Docioram (4th ed.); O'Lavekty. Down and Connor, I; O'Han- lon, Lives of the Irish Saints, VI; Butler, Lives of the Saints.

(6) Colman Elo and Colman MacCathbad are also famed in Irish hagiology. The former was founder and first Abbot of Muckamore, and from the fact of being styled ' ' Coarb of MacNisse ", is regarded as Bishop of Connor. He was born c. 555 in Glenelly, in the present County Tyrone, and d. at Lynally in 611, 26 September, on which day liis feast is celebrated. Hestudied under his maternal uncle, St. Columcille, who procured for him the site of a monastery now known as Lynally (Lann Elo). Hence liis designation of Colmanellus or Colman Elo. Subsequently he founded the Abbey of Muckamore, and was appointed Bishop of Connor. He is also known as St. Colman Macusailni. The latter saint, distinguished as Mac- Cathbad, whence Kilmackevat, County Antrim, was Bishop of Kilroot, a minor see afterwards incorpo- rated in the Diocese of Connor. He was a contem- porary of St. Ailbe, and his feast has been kept from time immemorial on 16 October.

(7) St. Colman, one of the patrons of Austria, was also an Irish saint, who, journeying to Jerusalem, was martjTed near Vienna, in 1012." 13 October, on which day his feast is observed. His life, written by Erch- enfrid of Melk, is in "Acta SS.", VI, 357 and " Mon. Germ. Hist.: Script.", IV, 647.

Adamnan. Life of St. Columba; 0'La\-ebty, Doum and Con- nor, V; Calendar of Donegal; Colgan, Acta Sanct. Hib.; O'Hanlon. Lives of the Irish Saints, IX; Bdtler. Lives of the Saints; Hogan, St. Colman of Austria; Urwalex. Der kOnigliche Pilger St. Colomann (Vienna. 1880).

W. H. Grattan-Flood.

Colman, Walter, Friar Minor and English martyr; date of b. uncertain; d. in London, 1045. He came of noble and wealthy parents and when quite young left England to study at the English College at Douai. In 1625 he entered the Franciscan Order at Douai, receiving in religion the name of Christopher of St. Clare, by which he is more generally known. Having completed his year of novitiate, he returned to Eng- land at the call of the provincial. Father John Jen- nings, but was immediately imprisoned because he refused to take the Oath of Allegiance. Released through the efforts of his friends, he went to London, where he was employed in the duties of the sacred ministry antl where, during his leisure moments, he composed "The Duel of Death" (London, 1632 or 1633), an elegant metrical treatise on death, which he dedicated to Queen Henrietta Maria, coiLsort of Charles I. When the persecution broke out anew in 1641, Colman returned to England from Douai, whither he had gone to regain his health. On 8 Dec. of the same year he was brought to trial, together with six other priests, two of whom were Benedic- tines and four members of the secular clergj'. They were all condemned to be hanged, drawn, and quar- tered on 13 Dec, but through the interposition of the French aml)assador the execution was stayed indefin- itely. Colman lingered on in Newgate for several years until he died, exhausted by starvation and the hardships of the dungeon where he was confined.

Thaddeus, The Franciscans in England (London. 1898) 62 72. 106; Cooper in Did. Nat. Biog., s. v. Colman; Hope. Franciscan Martyrs in England (London. 1878), xi. 123 sqq ;' Mason. Cerlamen Seraphicum (Quaracchi, 1885). 211. 228; Leo', Lives of the Saints and Blessed of the Three Orders of St Francis (Taunton, 1887), IV, 368.

Stephen M. Donovan.

Colmar, Joseph Ludwig, Bishoj) of Mainz; b. at Strasburg, '22 June, 1760; d. at Mainz, 15 Dec,