Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 4.djvu/120

 CODRINGTON

CO-EDUCATION

that it was there in the fifteenth century. The addi- tion to the New Testament was listed by Scrivener as Cod. 263 (in Gregorj-, 293) for the Epistle to the Hebrews, and Cod. 91, for the Apocalypse. Napoleon I had the codex brought to Paris (where Hug was enabled to study it), but it was afterwards returned to the Holy See," with some other remnants of Roman booty, and replaced in the Vatican Library. There are various collations, editions, and studies of the Vatican Codex. The collations are: (1) that of Bartolocci (Giulio di S. Anastasia), formerly librarian of the Vatican; it was done in 1669 and is preserved in MS. — Gr. Suppl. 53 of the Bibliotheque Nationale — at Paris (quoted under the sigla: Blc); (2) that of Birch (Bch) published at Copenhagen in 1798 for the Acts of the Apostles and the Epistles, in 1800 for the Apocalypse, in 1801 for the Gospels ; (3) that executed for Bentley (Btly) by the Abbate Mico about 1720 on the margin of a copy of the Greek New Testament which was published at Strasburg, 1524, by Cephalaeus; this copy is among Bentley's books in the library of Trinity College, Cambridge — the collation itself was published in Ford's appendix to Woide's edition of the Codex Alexandrinus in 1799; (4) a list of the alterations executed by the original copyist or by his correctors, edited at the request of Bentley by the Abbate Rulotta with the aid of the Abbate de Stosch (Rlt) ; this list was supposed to have perished, but it is extant among the Bentley papers in the library of Trinity College, Cambridge, under the sigla: B. 17.20; (5) in 1860 Alford, and in 1862 Cure, examined a select number of the readings of the Vatican Codex, and published the results of their labours in the first volume of Alford's Greek Testament. Many other scholars have made special collations for their own purposes, e. g. Tregelles, Tischendorf, Alford, etc. Among the works written on the Vatican Codex we may indicate: Bourgon, "Letters from Rome" (Lon- don, 1861). In the second volume of the Catalogue of Vatican Greek MSS., executed according to the modern scientific method for the cataloguing of the Vatican Library, there is a description of the Codex Vaticanus.

As to the editions of this code.x, the Roman edition of the Septuagint (1587) was based on the Vaticanus. Similarly, the Cambridge edition of Swete follows it regularly and makes use of the Sinaiticus and the Alexandrinus only for the portions that are lacking in the Vaticanus. The first Roman edition appeared in 1858, under the names of Mai and Vercellone, and, under the same names, a second Roman edition in 1859. Both editions were severely criticized by Tischendorf in the edition he brought out at Leipzig in 1867, "Novum Testamentum Vaticanum, post A. Mali aliorumque imperfectos labores ex ipso codice editum", with an appendix (1869). The third Roman edition (Verc.) appeared under the names of Vercel- lone (died 1869) and Cozza-Luzi (died 1905) in 1868- 81 ; it was accompanied by a photographic reproduc- tion of the text: "Bibliorum SS. Grsecorum Cod. Vat. 1209, Cod. B, denvio phototypice expressus, jussu et cura pra'sidimi BibliothecEe Vatican^" (Milan, 1904- ). This edition contains a masterly anonymous introduction (by Giovanni Mercati), in which the w'riter corrects many inexact statements made by previous writers. Until recently the privilege of con- sulting this ancient manuscript quite freely and fully was not granted to all who sought it. The material condition of the Vatican Codex is better, generally speaking, than that of its contemporaries; it is fore- seen, however, that within a century it will have fallen to pieces unless an efficacious remedy, which is being earnestly sought for, shall be discovered.

The Biblical Dictionaries of Vigouroux and H.^stings; ^nlrndnctions of Cornki.t. Briggs. Strack; Tischendorf. Synopsis Emnaclica (7th ed.. Leipzig. 189S); Idem. Protcno- nena to the. New Testament (20(h ed., or editio ociavo major, Leipzig, 1869; cdilio octavo minor, Leipzig, 1S72), revised after

Tischendorf'.'! death by Gregory (Leipzig. 1SS4); Swete, The Old Testament in Greek, I, p. xvii; Westcott and Hort, The New Testament in Greek, inlrod., p. 50; Alford, The Greek Testament (Cambridge, 1898), I, 107; Armitage Robinson, Euthaliana, ch. xxxvii.

U. Benign:.

Codrington, Thom.\s (d. 1691?), Catholic divine, chiefly knowai for his attempt to introduce into Eng- land the " Institute of Secular Priests Living in Com- munity", founded in Bavaria by Bartholomiius Holzhauser. He was educated and ordained priest at Douai, where he taught humanities for a time. Later on he lived with (Cardinal Howard at Rome, acting as his cliaplain and secretary. He returned to England in July, 1684, and on the accession of James II in the following year, he was appointed one of the royal chaplains and preachers in ordinary. ^^^lile he was in Rome he had joined the institute above mentioned, in which Cardinal Howard took a great personal interest, and his return to England seemed to the superior. Father Hofer, a favourable opportunity for extending the institute. .Accord- ingly Mr. Codrington and his companion, Mr. John Morgan, were appointed procurators to introduce the institute into England. The object of the society, the constitutions of which had been approved by Innocent XI in 1680, was to encourage community- life among t he secular clergJ^ This was to be attained by priests residing together, and doing their work from a common centre, all being subject to the bishop. In this work he received much assistance from Car- dinal Howard, who addressed letters both to the secular clergj- and to the dean of the chapter, e.xhort- ing all English priests to join the institute. Even before leaving Rome he had been active in propa- gating the institute, and had, with his colleagues, endeavoured not only to introduce it into all the English colleges abroad, but even to make it obliga- torj' on the superiors by a decree. Some progress was in fact made, but before much could be effected the Revolution took place, and in 1688 James II fled from England. Mr. Codrington followed his patron abroad to Saint-Gennain, where he continued to act as chaplain until his death, which took place about 1691. For some years strenuous efforts were made to spread the institute in England, and in 1697 special consti- tutions, designed to meet the peculiar circumstances of English priests, were published with a preface, which shows that several of the leading missioners liad joined it. The chapter, however, were unre- lenting, on the ground tliat it was unsuitable in Eng- land and would lead to dissensions among the clergy, and ultimately Bishop Giffard suppressed it. Mr. Codrington published a sermon preached before the king and queen, 28 Nov., 1686, and another preached before the queen-dowager, 6 Feb., 1687. The former of these was republished in the 1741 reprint entitled "Catholic Sermons".

DoDD, Church History. Ill, 484; Gillow, Bibl. Did. Eng. Cath.. I, 520 (London, 1885); Cooper in Diet. Nat. Biog.. XI, 210 (London. 1S87); KlRK, Biographies of English Catholics (London, 1908).

Edwin Burton.

Co-education. — The term is now generally reserved to the practice of educating the sexes together; but even in this sense it has a variety of meanings, (a) Mere juxtaposition; this implies the use of the same buildings and equipment under the same teaching staff for the education of both sexes, but does not oblige the sexes to follow the same methods or to live under the same regimen, (b) Co-ordinate education; the .students are taught by the same methods and the same teachers and are governed by the same general administration; but each -sex has its own classes and, in the ca^^e of a university, its separate college, (c) Identical education ; both sexes are taught " the same things, at the same time, in the same place, by the