Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 3.djvu/879

 CITHARIZUM

793

CIUDAD

(Saint-Brieuc, 1898); Hisloire abrcaie de VOrdre de Ctteaux, par un moine de Thymadeuc (Saint-Brieuc, 1S98).

F. M. GlLDAS.

Citharizum, a titular see of Armenia. The city was Bituated ii\ Asthianene or Balabitene, a region between Masius and Anti-Taurus, north of Comma- gene and Mesopotamia. Justinian built a castle t here, in which he stationed a garrison under the com- mand of a duke. He also included it in the province, Armenia Quarta, which he had just formed. In G13 Citharizum was taken by Ashot, a general of the Per- sian king, Chosroes II. In the records of the Trullan il (092) we meet the name of Marianus, Bishop of Kitharizon (or Kithariza), for the name seems to have been indeclinable (Lequien, I, 453). No other bishop is known. The city is mentioned in Part hey, " Notitia Prima", about 840 as belonging to Armenia Quarta, under the metropolis of Melitene. It is identified with the modern village Keterig.

Cklzer, Georgii Cyprii dcscriptio orbis romani (Leipzig, 1893). 174.

S. Petrides.

Citta della Pieve, Diocese of (Civitatis Plebis). — (it ia della Pieve is a city of obscure origin in the province of Perugia in Umbria, Central Italy. It certainly was an episcopal see in the eleventh cen- tury, since in 1099 the bishop was expelled by the Uines. Later Paschal II united it with the Diocese of Chiusi. Clement VIII re-established it as a separate see (1601), the first bishop being Fabrizio Paolucci of the Counts of Cabulo. In 1642, while Giovanni Battista Carcarasio was bishop, the city- was sacked by the German soldiers of the Duke of Parma. The diocese is immediately subject to the Holy See. The cathedral, dedicated to Sts. Ger- vasius and Protasius, is said to have been erected at the exhortation of St. Ambrose. The diocese has a population of 60,000, with 33 parishes, 86 churches and chapels, 65 secular priests, and 4 religious houses of women.

Cappelletti, he chiese d'ltalia (Venice, 1844); Ann. eccl. (Rome, 1907), 402-03.

U. Benigni.

Citta di Castello, Diocese of (Civitatis Cas- telli). — Citta di Castello is a town in the province of Perugia, in Umbria, Central Italy, situated on a slope of ihe Apennines, not far from the Tiber, whence its ancient name of Tijernum or Civitas Tiberina. Pliny built there a magnificent villa. In 550, Fantalogus, by order of the Ostrogothic king, Totila, took and destroyed the city, which was later rebuilt around a castle, whence its name. By the donation of Pepin the Short (752), it became subject to the Holy See. In subsequent centuries it was under various rulers, among them Pier Saccone di Pietramala. In the later Middle Ages it was governed successively by tin' (Iticlphs and Ghibellines. In 1375 Citta di Cas- tello joined in the insurrection of other cities of the States of the Church. Cardinal Robert of Geneva (later antipope as Clement VII), undertook to recap- ture it with Breton mercenaries, but was repulsed. Under Martin V, however, it was taken by Braccio da Montone (1 120). Later, Nicold Vitelli, with the help of Florence and Milan, became absolute ruler or hrarmo. In 1174 Sixtus IV sent thither his nephew, Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere (later Julius II). After fruitless negotiations he laid siege to the city, but Vitelli did not surrender until l»- learned that the command of the army had been given to Duke Kederigo of 1 rbino. The following year Vitelli tried unsuccess- fully to recapture the city: fear of Caesar Borgia alone induced him to desist. During the persecution of Diocletian St. Crescentianus, a Roman knight, and ten others Buffered martyrdom at Tifernum. The first-known bishop of this see was Bnnodius, present at a Roman council (465) under Pope Hilary. At the

time of the sack of the city by Fantalogus (550), the bishop was Florius, later a friend of St. Gregory the Great. In 711 Lombard Arians put to death for the Faith the bishop of the city, Albertus, and his deacon Britius. Citta di Castello is the birthplace of Pope Celestine II (1143-44). The cathedral is a noble mon- ument of architecture, and has among its treasures an altar-front, (paliotto) of chiselled silver dating back to the twelfth century, and a crosier of the fifteenth. The diocese has a population of 50,250, with 158 parishes, 300 churches and chapels, 162 secular and 10 regular priests, and 12 religious houses of women. Cappelle™. he chiese d'ltalia (Venice. 1844), IV, 581-748; Ann. eccl. (Rome. 1907). 403-fi; Muzl, Memorie eccl. e civili di Citta di Castello (ibid., 1842-17).

U. Benigni. City of Refuge. See Refuge.

Ciudad Real (Ecclesia Cluniensis), Bishopric- Priorate of the Military Orders of Spain, directly subject to the Holy See. To counteract the disad- vantages caused by the dispersion of the church lands appertaining to the military orders of Santiago, Alcantara, Calahorra, and Montesa, Article VI of the Concordat of 1851 decrees that a special circum- scription (coto redondo) be formed for the churches belonging to the aforesaid orders and that the gov- ernment thereof be confided to a prior, with episcopal rank, and furthermore that said see be designated as in partibus infidelium. Consequently, by the Bull "Ad Apostolicam Beati Petri", Pius IX created (1875) the Bishopric-Priorate of the Military Orders, assigning to it as territory all the province of Ciudad Real, some towns of which had hitherto belonged to the Diocese of Toledo, others to the Dioceses of Cuenca and Cordova. The residence of the bishop is at ( 'iudad Real (population, 1900,15,327). At. the same time the pope accorded to King Alfonso XII and to his successors, as Grand Masters of the Mili- tary Orders, the right to nominate within three months the bishop-prior, whenever a vacancy oc- curred, and at the same time to solicit for him from the Holy See the title of Bishop of Dora in partibus infidelium, which church was to remain perpetually united to the Priorate of Ciudad Real. The execu- tion of the Bull was confided to the Cardinal Arch- bishop of Toledo, by whom (4 June, 1876) the entire province of Ciudad Real was made a bishopric- priorate of the Military Orders, and for all canonical purposes constituted a territory vere et proprie nulling dioBcesis, i. e. exempt from all neighbouring jurisdiction.

Gomez Salazar t La Fuente, Lecciones de discipline eclaiaatiea (3d ed. Madrid. ISSOi. I, 26S-70, 484-91; Hervas y Buendi'a, Diccionario hist, geograf . de la pruv. de Ciudad- Keat (Madrid, 1892).

LlUAKDO DE HlNOJOSA.

Ciudad Rodrigo, Diocese of (Civitatensis), suffragan of the Diocese of Santiago, comprises the greater part of the province of Salamanca, and a por- tion of the province of Caceres. The city of Ciudad Rodrigo, which is the capital of the diocese, was named for the Count Rodrigo Gonzalez, who founded it about, the middle of the twelfth century. It has approximately a population of 7000 inhabitants, and is the head of the judicial district. The bishopric was established by Ferdinand II, King of Leon, its establishment being confirmed by Pope Alexander III in 1175. This see finally succeeded that of Calia- bria, which dated from the Visigothic era. and existed from 621 to 693. Alfonso VIII gave the city of ( 'aha- bria to the Diocese of Ciudad Rodrigo in 1191. The first bishop of whom anything certain is known was called Pedro (1165); the most celebrated was the learned jurist Don Diego de Covarruvias y Leyva

(1560)

I i ,hez, De las ialesias de Avila, Caliabria. etc. in Espafia